Study of Laser Light Scattering Methods in Rapid Viability Assessment of Microorganisms under Antibiotics Exposure for Adaptation in Lab-on-A-Chip Format.

The antibiotic resistance (ABR) problem is becoming increasingly disturbing and it is important to implement express methods of ABR testing to allow operative antibiotic therapy decisions. The application of laser light scattering (LLS) in microbiological analysis for express ABR testing of microorganisms has been considered. The ways of miniaturization of laser light scattering for creating the bases of their integration into microbiological laboratory-on-a-chip (MLOC) for clinical express diagnostics have been analysed. The advantage of miniaturization in the context of clinical express analysis realization problems are investigated. A system of parallel measuring cells and illumination, enabling simultaneous testing of a group of antibiotics, was tested by splitting a laser beam with a two-dimensional collimator prepared of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide. It has been demonstrated that the application of LLS methods, providing high concentration and mass sensitivity as well as a miniaturization potential, is an effective approach in the development of new generation diagnostic instruments. The studies have demonstrated the ability of methods to register effects of antibiotics on microbiological samples within 10 min. The following microorganisms were used in the study: Escherichia coli M-17, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.

Biomimetic Nanomaterials: Diversity, Technology, and Biomedical Applications.

Biomimetic nanomaterials (BNMs) are functional materials containing nanoscale components and having structural and technological similarities to natural (biogenic) prototypes. Despite the fact that biomimetic approaches in materials technology have been used since the second half of the 20th century, BNMs are still at the forefront of materials science. This review considered a general classification of such nanomaterials according to the characteristic features of natural analogues that are reproduced in the preparation of BNMs, including biomimetic structure, biomimetic synthesis, and the inclusion of biogenic components. BNMs containing magnetic, metal, or metal oxide organic and ceramic structural elements (including their various combinations) were considered separately. The BNMs under consideration were analyzed according to the declared areas of application, which included tooth and bone reconstruction, magnetic and infrared hyperthermia, chemo- and immunotherapy, the development of new drugs for targeted therapy, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy, and bioimaging. In conclusion, the authors' point of view is given about the prospects for the development of this scientific area associated with the use of native, genetically modified, or completely artificial phospholipid membranes, which allow combining the physicochemical and biological properties of biogenic prototypes with high biocompatibility, economic availability, and scalability of fully synthetic nanomaterials.