[Clinico-genetic aspects of cutaneous melanoma. I. Incidence, familial study, genetic heterogeneity]. / Kliniko-geneticheskie aspekty melanomy kozhi. I. Rasprostranennost', semeinoe izuchenie, geneticheskaia geterogennost'.

Epidemiologic and clinical genetic data on cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) are presented. The incidence of CMM in Moscow from 1983 to 1987 was analyzed. Cumulative incidence (cumulative risk) was calculated for various life periods on the basis of estimates for various age groups, which were used as population frequencies. By the age of 85, these frequencies were 0.35% for males and 0.38% for females. Among relatives of patients, the incidence of CMM was 1.420 +/- 0.498% for males and 1.110 +/- 0.348% for females; i.e., the incidence exceeded the population frequency by a factor of 3 or 4. As a whole, the familial frequency of cancer was equal to 13.3% for male probands and 14.2% for female probands, i.e., more than three times higher than the population frequency. The data obtained formed the basis for the development of CMM classification. hereditary and nonhereditary variants of cutaneous melanoma were identified. Familial cases and CMM that occurred against the background of inherited disease or syndromes were classified as hereditary variants of CMM; taken together, they accounted for 38.8%. The data provided grounds for identification of families at increased risk for the development of CMM.

[Malignant melanoma morbidity in Moscow]. / Zabolevaemost' zlokachestvennymi melanomami v Moske.

The incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in Moscow in 1983-1987 was studied. The average age-standardized index for the 5 years was 2.3% for males and 3.2% for females. The cumulative risk of the disease by the age of 75 years was 0.25% for males and 0.32% for females. The likelihood of skin melanoma development in each five-year age bracket appeared different and was characterized by a complex curve suggesting several etiologically heterogeneous forms of the disease.

[Melanoma of the skin: clinico-genetic studies]. / Melanoma kozhi: kliniko-geneticheskie issledovaniia.

As a result of clinico-genealogical analysis of data on 691 skin melanoma patients, a classification of skin melanoma was elaborated which reflected the etiologic heterogeneity of the disease. Inheritable and non-inheritable forms of skin melanoma were identified. The inheritable tumor group included familial disease (2%) and tumors developing against the background of hereditary diseases and syndromes (32.7%). The data obtained served as basis for the identification of families with high genetic predisposition to skin melanoma development and for the assessment of individual risk of the disease in patients' relatives.

[Clinico-genetic analysis of the incidence of neoplasms]. / Kliniko-geneticheskii analiz rasprostranennykh onkologicheskikh zabolevanii.

The authors sum up the results of clinical and genealogic examinations of 2460 patients with most prevalent tumors, i.e. gastric and mammary carcinomas, melanomas. The obtained values of segregation frequencies for these tumors have proved to be lower than the theoretically expected values for monogenic types of inheritance. A genetic and epidemiologic approach, employed in the tumors analysis, has demonstrated the multifactorial nature of these tumors: the contribution of the genetic factors in mammary carcinoma has made up 52%, in gastric carcinoma 22% for male and 41.1% for female subjects, with the X-chromosome-linked genetic components making up 19%. The studies have shown the possibility of genetic heterogeneity of the tumor forms, identically localized. Basing on these data, the authors have plotted 'repeated risk tables' to assess the potentiality of new cases of the disease in the patients' families; such tables may be useful for practical medicogenetic counselling.