Structural composition of blood erythrocytes in children with nephropathies.

Study of the structural characteristics of peripheral blood erythrocytes in the pathogenesis of nephropathies in children by means of automated recording of integral osmotic erythrograms and analysis of differential curves of hypoosmotic hemolysis showed decreased osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, which was most pronounced during renal dysfunction. A molecular model of possible modification of the erythrocyte membrane in the pathogenesis of nephropathies is proposed.

[Circadian rhythms of urinary parameters in children with glomerulonephritis]. / Tsirkadiannye ritmy parametrov mochi pri glomerulonefrite u detei.

Circadian rhythms of urinary parameters were studied in healthy children and those with glomerulonephritis. In healthy children, urinary excretion of many substances rhythmically varied during a day. Variations were related to the volume and specific gravity of urine, to the levels of creatinine, MDA, and SOD activities. Children with glomerulonephritis showed changes in values of circadian rhythm of urine parameters. These disorders included changes in circadian variations and mean daily values, inversion of group and individual excretion patterns, which indicates that there is an external and internal disagreement of biological rhythms in children with glomerulonephritis.

[Comparison of the frequency of detection of autoantibodies to epidermal antigens with the level of antibodies to polysaccharide of group A Streptococcus and the number of T-suppressors in glomerulonephritis]. / Sopostavlenie chastoty obnaruzheniia autoantitel k antigenam épidermisa s urovnem antitel k polisakharidu streptokokka gruppy A i chislom T-supressorov pri glomerulonefrite.

By the acute glomerulonephritis (GN) of streptococcal etiology, autoantibodies (AA) reacting with the basal layer of skin epithelium (BLSE) are discovered. The presence of this AA's correlate with the high level of antibodies to the streptococcal group A polysaccharide (A-PS). In the control sera such AA's and the high level antibodies to A-PS are discovered very rarely. By the GN of non-streptococcal etiology, AA's to the BLSE apparently of other specificity are obtained in some cases, in spite of the absence of antibodies to A-PS. AA's reacting with the differentiated layers of skin epithelium are discovered in the high percent of cases by GN. The presence of these AA's do not correlate with the levels of antibodies to A-PS. The reduction of the number of T-lymphocyte suppressors is established in the blood by the presence of AA's to the BLSE by GN. This question is a subject of later investigations by the different autoimmune processes. Such data can apparently corroborate the previously expressed hypothesis, that AA's to BLSE, which as a rule react with endocrine thymus epithelium, are the cause of the beginning of immunoregulatory disorders, characteristic of autoimmune processes.

[Criteria of chronic state and treatment effectiveness of acute glomerulonephritis without nephrotic syndrome in children]. / Kriterii khronizatsii i éffektivnosti lechenia ostrogo glomerulonefrita bez nefroticheskogo sindroma u detei.

A study was made of criteria for acute glomerulonephritis chronicity, efficacy of etiotrophic therapy, and of the survival rates in a group of 200 ill children. It has been established that proteinuria ranging within 0.1-0.99 g/l, no arterial hypertension at the disease debut, concomitant urodynamic disorders are of unfavourable prognostic significance for the clinical recovery. A relationship has been discovered between glomerulonephritis chronicity and the patients' sex and age, and preceding diseases. A conclusion is made about the highest efficacy of antibacterial therapy commenced at the first week of the disease, continued for one month. The patients' survival rate for 20 years amounted to 100%.

The effect of sodium nucleinate on allergic and immunological reactions.

Experiments on immunized rabbits and guinea pigs indicated that sodium nucleinate (SN) was capable of weakening or entirely eliminating anaphylactic and skin reactions of delayed type hypersensitivity to repeated administration of staphyloanatoxin, APDT vaccine. The findings on patients with the infectious form of bronchial asthma and chronic rheumatism showed that sodium nucleinate attenuated reactions to the subcutaneous administration of staphylococcal and streptococcal allergens. The treatment of patients suffering from infectious-allergic bronchial asthma and rheumatism with SN resulted in the recovery of deficient T cells, T-suppressors, normalization of immunoglobulin concentrations. In children with acute glomerulonephritis sodium nucleinate normalized decreased T-suppressor cells and increased IgG and circulating immune complexes (CIC), resulting in a pronounced remission of disease. The mechanism of desensitization and elimination of CIC by SN has not been explored, however, the parameters of SN-induced immunomodulation are known rather completely. It is suggested that SN brings about accumulation in the cell of cyclic AMP which diminished membrane permeability, activates monoaminooxidase resulting in the degradation of histamine and other biogenic amines, enhances the synthesis of endogenous corticosteroids with their desensitizing properties. All these effects contribute to the elimination of delayed type hypersensitivity. The role of SN in the inhibition of delayed type hypersensitivity remains obscure.

[Clinical significance of circulating immune complexes in children with glomerulonephritis]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie tsirkuliruiushchikh immunnykh kompleksov pri glomerulonefrite u detei.

The paper is concerned with the determination of the physicochemical properties of the circulating immune complexes in children with different varieties of glomerulonephritis at different disease stages. The assessment was made of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these complexes. It has been shown that the intensity and the frequency of the concomitant signs of glomerulonephritis turn out maximal in patients, provided the circulation contains the pathogenic complexes whose long demonstration in the active disease phase is of unfavourable prognostic significance.