ABSTRACT
By means of analytical and numerical methods, we address the modulational instability (MI) in chiral condensates governed by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation including the current nonlinearity. The analysis shows that this nonlinearity partly suppresses the MI driven by the cubic self-focusing, although the current nonlinearity is not represented in the system's energy (although it modifies the momentum), hence it may be considered as zero-energy nonlinearity. Direct simulations demonstrate generation of trains of stochastically interacting chiral solitons by MI. In the ring-shaped setup, the MI creates a single traveling solitary wave. The sign of the current nonlinearity determines the direction of propagation of the emerging solitons.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: The present study was aimed at design of experiments (DoE)- and artificial intelligence-based culture medium optimization for high level extracellular production of a novel recombinant human interferon alpha 2b (huIFNα2b) in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris and its characterization. METHODS AND RESULTS: The artificial neural network-genetic algorithm model exhibited improved huIFNα2b production and better predictability compared to response surface methodology. The optimized medium exhibited a fivefold increase in huIFNα2b titre compared to the complex medium. A maximum titre of huIFNα2b (436 mg l-1 ) was achieved using the optimized medium in the bioreactor. Real-time capacitance data from dielectric spectroscopy were utilized to model the growth kinetics with unstructured models. Biological characterization by antiproliferative assay proved that the purified recombinant huIFNα2b was biologically active, exhibiting growth inhibition on breast cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS: Culture medium optimization resulted in enhanced production of huIFNα2b in glycoengineered P. pastoris at both shake flask and bioreactor level. The purified huIFNα2b was found to be N-glycosylated and biologically active. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: DoE-based medium optimization strategy significantly improved huIFNα2b production. The antiproliferative activity of huIFNα2b substantiates its potential scope for application in cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors/microbiology , Interferon alpha-2 , Pichia , Recombinant Proteins , Cell Count , Computer Simulation , Culture Media , Humans , Interferon alpha-2/analysis , Interferon alpha-2/genetics , Interferon alpha-2/isolation & purification , Interferon alpha-2/metabolism , Pichia/genetics , Pichia/metabolism , Protein Engineering , Recombinant Proteins/analysis , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification , Recombinant Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Composition of the gut microbiota has profound effects on intestinal carcinogenesis. Diet and host genetics play critical roles in shaping the composition of gut microbiota. Whether diet and host genes interact with each other to bring specific changes in gut microbiota that affect intestinal carcinogenesis is unknown. Ability of dietary fibre to specifically increase beneficial gut microbiota at the expense of pathogenic bacteria in vivo via unknown mechanism is an important process that suppresses intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2 or GPR43) is a receptor for short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), metabolites of dietary fibre fermentation by gut microbiota. Here, we show FFAR2 is down modulated in human colon cancers than matched adjacent healthy tissue. Consistent with this, Ffar2(-/-) mice are hypersusceptible to development of intestinal carcinogenesis. Dietary fibre suppressed colon carcinogenesis in an Ffar2-dependent manner. Ffar2 played an essential role in dietary fibre-mediated promotion of beneficial gut microbiota, Bifidobacterium species (spp) and suppression of Helicobacter hepaticus and Prevotellaceae. Moreover, numbers of Bifidobacterium is reduced, whereas those of Prevotellaceae are increased in human colon cancers than matched adjacent normal tissue. Administration of Bifidobacterium mitigated intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in Ffar2(-/-) mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that interplay between dietary fibre and Ffar2 play a key role in promoting healthy composition of gut microbiota that stimulates intestinal health.
ABSTRACT
The Ufm1 conjugation system is a novel ubiquitin-like modification system, consisting of Ufm1, Uba5 (E1), Ufc1 (E2) and poorly characterized E3 ligase(s). RCAD/Ufl1 (also known as KIAA0776, NLBP and Maxer) was reported to function as a Ufm1 E3 ligase in ufmylation (Ufm1-mediated conjugation) of DDRGK1 and ASC1 proteins. It has also been implicated in estrogen receptor signaling, unfolded protein response (UPR) and neurodegeneration, yet its physiological function remains completely unknown. In this study, we report that RCAD/Ufl1 is essential for embryonic development, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) survival and erythroid differentiation. Both germ-line and somatic deletion of RCAD/Ufl1 impaired hematopoietic development, resulting in severe anemia, cytopenia and ultimately animal death. Depletion of RCAD/Ufl1 caused elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress and evoked UPR in bone marrow cells. In addition, loss of RCAD/Ufl1 blocked autophagic degradation, increased mitochondrial mass and reactive oxygen species, and led to DNA damage response, p53 activation and enhanced cell death of HSCs. Collectively, our study provides the first genetic evidence for the indispensable role of RCAD/Ufl1 in murine hematopoiesis and development. The finding of RCAD/Ufl1 as a key regulator of cellular stress response sheds a light into the role of a novel protein network including RCAD/Ufl1 and its associated proteins in regulating cellular homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Hematopoiesis , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism , Anemia/etiology , Animals , Autophagy , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , HEK293 Cells , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism , Mitochondria/metabolism , Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology , Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism , RNA Interference , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics , Unfolded Protein ResponseABSTRACT
Synchronization of three chaotic diode lasers is effected in a transmitter-mediator-receiver configuration. The transmitter laser's output is bidirectionally coupled to the mediator laser to achieve anticipating synchronization in their output intensities. The mediator laser's output is unidirectionally coupled to the receiver laser to achieve lag synchronization in their output intensities. This combination of lead and lag synchronization nullifies the time-of-flight lead-lag in synchronization between the transmitter and receiver lasers. This approach provides a means of eliminating time-of-flight delays in the synchronization of remote transmitters and receivers.
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We report an analysis of synchronization between two unidirectionally coupled chaotic external cavity master and slave semiconductor lasers with two characteristic delay times, where the delay time in the coupling is different from the delay time in the coupled systems themselves. We demonstrate that parameter mismatches in photon decay rates for the master and slave lasers can explain the experimental observation that the lag time is equal to the coupling delay time.
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We derive conditions for achieving inverse anticipating synchronization where a driven time-delay chaotic system synchronizes to the inverse future state of the driver. The significance of inverse anticipating chaos in delineating synchronization regimes in time-delay systems is elucidated. The concept is extended to cascaded time-delay systems.
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We study perfect chaos synchronization between two bidirectionally coupled external cavity semiconductor lasers and demonstrate that mismatches in laser photon decay rates can explain the experimentally observed anticipating time in synchronization.
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Chaotic synchronization is investigated by use of two diode lasers as transmitter and receiver. The transmitter laser is rendered chaotic by application of optical feedback in an external-cavity configuration. Changes in the spectrum of the synchronized system are shown to be associated with the transition between anticipating and lag synchronization.
ABSTRACT
We report the first experimental observation of anticipating chaotic synchronization in an optical system using two diode lasers as transmitter and receiver. The transmitter laser is rendered chaotic by application of an optical feedback in an external-cavity configuration. It is found that the anticipation time does not depend on the external-cavity round trip time of the transmitter.
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An experimental demonstration of optical synchronization of a chain of chaotic external-cavity laser diodes is reported for what is believed to be the first time. The experiment is performed in the low-frequency-fluctuation regime.
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The synchronization condition obtained numerically by Ahlers, Parlitz, and Lauterborn [Phys. Rev. E 58, 7208 (1998)] is verified experimentally.
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Synchronized external-cavity diode lasers are used for chaotic optical encryption and decryption. It is shown that effective decoding requires the signal strength to exceed a certain value determined by the precise operating conditions.
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The integrity of a chaotic encoding technique based on an external-cavity semiconductor laser transmitter-receiver system is experimentally examined. A semiconductor laser placed in the transmission path of the system is used to represent an eavesdropper intercepting a chaotic communication. The eavesdropper is able to obtain a copy of the transmission but is unable to decode the message. A chaotic communication system based on external-cavity semiconductor lasers is seen therefore to be secure against this form of interception.
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An experimental demonstration of optical synchronization of chaotic external-cavity semiconductor laser diodes is reported for what is believed to be the first time. It is shown that at an optimum coupling strength between the master and the slave lasers high-quality synchronization can be obtained.
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Amplitude modulation is used to encode a message into the output of a chaotic laser-diode optical transmitter, and decoding of the message by use of a synchronized chaotic laser-diode receiver is demonstrated experimentally. The chaotic carrier is shown to effectively mask the transmitted message.
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Mode hopping in external-cavity AlGaAs diode lasers has been studied experimentally. Its dependence on the amount of feedback and the external-cavity round-trip phase has been studied. The results are compared with the predictions of potential well models. As the feedback is increased the results differ considerably from this theory. A qualitative treatment is also presented.
