[Effects of dwarfing genes on the genetic background of wheat varieties of the south Ukraine region].

Effects of the Rht8c, Rht-B1b, Rht-B1e and Rht-D1b genes on the plant height of wheat have been investigated. Variations of these effects are significantly modified by genetic background and year conditions. Complex of the alleles Rht8c Rht-B1a Rht-D1b Ppd-D1a is advantageous for the conditions of the South Ukraine region. There are gene(s) in the genotypes of some varieties which significantly decrease height and are unidentified by molecular markers in our investigation.

[QTL marking of duration of the period up to winter wheat heading].

Duration of the period up to heading of 107 winter wheat cultivars of different origin has been studied. The most contrast for analyzed character cultivars, as well as F2 Omskaya ozimaya/Numbu Komugi individual plants were investigated with SSR-PCR methods to reveal DNA-markers for QTL of heading temps. Two loci Xgwm512 and Xgwm429 have been revealed to explain 19.3% (part of influence of the first locus--8.9%, of the second 10.4%) differences induration of the period up to heading of the F2 individuals in field conditions.

[Molecular-genetic analysis of sorghum cultivated in Ukraine].

PCR-analysis of intraspecific and interspecific polymorphism of sorghum, soryz and their nearest relatives (maize, rice) has been conducted. The level of polymorphism within the sample was 100%. Interspecific polymorphism (species of sorghum and soryz) was 96.2% that testifies the wide changeability of the analyzed samples. Clasterisation of the genotypes occurred according to their species.

[Allelic characteristics of beta-amylase gene of barley varieties in Ukraine].

Allelic diversity in a set of 99 spring and winter barley varieties for the different direction of use (brewing, cereal and valuable) has been studied studied. PCR analyses with beta-amylase DNA-marker have shown that the genotypes of different barley varieties can include different alleles of beta-AMY1 gene.

[Analysis of the short-stem genes in the genotypes of bread wheat cultivars in Ukraine].

Varieties of winter common wheat widely used in breeding programmes for the period of 1912-2002 in Ukraine were investigated using both the microsatellite Xgwm261 marker linked with the gibberellin-sensitive dwarf gene Rht8 and the biochemical test for the sensitivity of seedlings to gibberellic acid. Allelic characteristics of the locus Xgwm261 have been determined for 97 varieties. Near 98% of the modern varieties of winter common wheat derived from Odessa breeding institute and 50% of the varieties derived from the Mironovka wheat institute possess the allel 192 n.p. and gene Rht8 correspondingly. Estimation of sensitivity of the seedlings to gibberellic acid showed that the majority of the varieteis cultivated in Ukraine until the middle of the seventies are sensitive to gibberellic acid. The insusceptibility to gibberellic acid is predominantly manifested in the varieties derived from the south of Ukraine since the eighties owing to the introduction of the dwarf genes into the genotypes. At the same time the varieties of the Mironovka wheat institute still retain the sensitivity.

[Identification of the sunflower genotypes of Ukrainian breeding using SSPR analysis].

Amplification of determined DNA sequences using polymerase chain reaction allows to provide a new technology of sunflower genotype identification. Investigation of 16 microsatellite loci of sunflower genome allowed to isolate the allele sets specific to 20 inbred lines of Ukrainian breeding and their 14 F1 hybrids. A polymorphic index content (PIC) per each analysed locus has been defined. The genetic formulas (passports) have been formed for the investigated genotypes.

[IRAP-and REMAP-analyses of barley varieties of Odessa breeding].

Application of polylocus biallelic systems of PCR along with monolocus SSR-analysis is very promising approach for detailed characterization, differentiation and identification of crop varieties. Microsatellite sequences and LTR retratransposon fragments are known to be the most variable in plant genome. They can be used in PCR analysis as IRAP and REMAP. Conditions of IRAP and REMAP analyses of intra- and intervariety polymorphism of the barley varieties of Odessa breeding have been elaborated. The detailed genotype formulas are represented which reflect the intravariety polimorphism and make it possible to detect the changes in variety structure in the course of seed production process.

[Molecular marker mapping of the gene resistant to common bunt transferred from Aegilops cylindrica into bread wheat].

Introgression lines 5/55-91 and 378/2000 of bread wheat contain the gene of resistance to Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. transferred from Aegilops cylindrica Host. Using bulked segregant analysis with ISSR and SSR PCR the lincage of microsatellite locus Xgwm 259 with the gene of common bunt resistance has been identified in F2 population of 378/2000 x Lutestens 23397. DNA mapping made it possible to localize this highly effective gene in the intercalary region of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1B at the distance of 7.6-8.5 cM of the microsatellite Xgwm 259 locus which thus can be used in wheat breeding for selection of genotype resistance to common bunt.

[Molecular markers in genetic and selection studies of maize].

The review represents the literature data and the data of personal research demonstrating the modern achievements in molecular-genetic analysis of maize (Zea mays L.). The importance of the use of DNA-technologies in genetics, breeding and seed-production of maize is shown. The examples of application of molecular-genetic markers in breeding process to increase its efficacy are demonstrated.

[Marking the Vrd1 gene in the bread winter wheat].

PCR analysis was used to create DNA markers to the Vrd1 gene. DNA of almost isogenic lines with respect to Vrd genes of the cultivars Mironovskaya 808 and Erytrospermum 604 was used. It was shown that in the monogenic Vrd1 dominant genotypes the product of amplification (280 b.p.) is absent in comparison with the DNA of the vrd recessive and monogenic Vrd2 dominant genotypes. The linkage of the marker with the Vrd1 gene has been determined using DNA analysis of plant population obtained as a result of crossing of Erytrospermum 604 (vrd recessive) and Triple Dirk C (Vrd1vrd2). F2 population segragated in two groups on the character of 280 b.p. amplification product "presence/absence". The segregation significantly coincided to the theoretical one (by ?2 test) with 1:3 expectation. The revealed molecular marker identified homozygous dominant Vrd1 plants only. The DNA-marker to Vrd1 gene is nulle-allelic 280(-).

[Molecular-genetic analysis of wheat (T. aestivum L.) genome with introgression of Ae. cylindrica Host genetic elements].

Wheat-aegilops hybrid plants Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42) x Aegilops cylindrica Host (2n = 28) were investigated with using microsatellite markers. In two BC1F9 lines some genome modifications connected with losing DNA fragments of initial variety or appearing of Aegilops genome elements were detected. In some investigated hybrids new amplicons lacking in parental plants were found. Substitution of wheat chromosomes for aegilops chromosomes was not revealed. Analysis of microsatellite loci in BC2F5 plants showed stable introgression of aegilops genetic elements into wheat; elimination of some transferred aegilops DNA fragments in the course of backcrossing; decreasing size of introgressive elements after backcrossing. Introgressive lines were classified according to genome changes.

[Polymorphism of microsatellite DNA and study of maize genetic resources].

Microsatellite loci PCR-analysis of 80 maize lines and hybrids from two regions of Ukraine has been carried out. Allelic sets individual for each maize genotype have been revealed and discrimination potential of applied marker system has been determined. Comparative analysis of frequencies of alleles and genotypes occurrence in both samples has been carried out and possible participation of the investigated SSR-loci in formation of maize adaptability system has been shown.

[Predictive potential of DNA markers in heterosis breeding of maize].

PCR-analysis of maize inbred lines has been carried out. Genetic distances between the lines have been calculated, allelic composition and heterosis level of F-hybrids have been determined. Heterosis level of hybrid seed yield rised according to increasing of genetic distances between initial lines. Correlation of allelic composition of inbred line microsatellite loci and heterosis level of the respective hybrids has been revealed.

[Development of DNA-marker to sunflower broomrape resistance gene Or 3].

Bulked segregant analysis and amplification of RTS loci were used for searching of DNA-markers to Or 3 gene that controls resistance of sunflower to broomrape. Polymorphic amplifyed fragments have been discovered which differentiate resistant and non-resistant parental lines and F2 plants. Linkage between codominant marker and locus Or 3 is defined.

[Identification of sunflower genotypes using microsatellite markers]. / Identifikatsiia genotipov podsolnechnika s pomoshch'iu mikrosatellitnykh markerov.

Polymorphism of some DNA microsatellite sequences of sunflower breeding genotypes (inbred lines, hybrids) was investigated. Allelic composition on 8 SSR loci is unique characteristic of every analysed genotype allowing their identification. Microsatellite markers are proposed to be used for definition of line genetic purity and of F1 seeds hybridity range.

[Identification and registration of corn genotypes using molecular markers]. / Identifikatsiia i registratsiia genotipov kukuruzy pri pomoshchi molekuliarnykh markerov.

In plant genetics and breeding, second-generation molecular markers allow detailed characterization of plant genotypes. Unique genotypes at ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were established for 40 maize accessions by means of PCR. For every locus, SSR analysis revealed heterozygotes among simple hybrids, which made it possible to identify the parental forms with a high probability of exclusion of nonparental forms. A system was proposed for registration of maize genotypes in the form of genetic formulas reflecting the allelic state of microsatellite loci, in order to catalog, preserve, and effectively employ the existing maize gene pool in breeding.

[Detection of the introgression of genome elements of the Aegilops cylindrica host. into the Triticum aestivum L. genome by ISSR and SSR analysis]. / Detektsiia introgressii élementov genoma Aegilops cylindrica Host. v genom Triticum aestivum L. s pomoshch'iu ISSR- i SSr-analiza.

To reveal sites of the donor genome in wheat crossed with Aegilops cylindrica, which acquired conferred resistance to fungal diseases, a comparative analysis of introgressive and parental forms was conducted. Two systems of PCR analysis, ISSR and SSR-PCR, were employed. Upon use of 7 ISSR primers in genotypes of 30 individual plants BC1 F9 belonging to lines 5/55-91 and 5/20-91, 19 ISSR loci were revealed and assigned to introgressive fragments of Aegilops cylindrica genome in Triticum aestivum. The 40 pairs of SSR primers allowed the detection of seven introgressive alleles; three of these alleles were located on common wheat chromosomes in the B genome, while four alleles, in the D genome. Based on data of microsatellite analysis, it was assumed that the telomeric region of the long arm of common wheat chromosome 6A also changed. ISSR and SSR methods were shown to be effective for detecting variability caused by introgression of foreign genetic material into the genome of common wheat.

[Detection of the introgression of genome elements of Aegilops cylindrica Host. into Triticum aestivum L. genome with ISSR-analysis]. / Detektsiia introgressii élementov genoma Aegilops cylindrica Host. v genom Triticum aestivum L. s pomoshch'iu ISSR-analiza.

Comparative analysis of introgressive and parental forms of wheat was carried out to reveal the sites of donor genome with new loci of resistance to fungal diseases. By ISSR-method 124 ISSR-loci were detected in the genomes of 18 individual plants of introgressive line 5/20-91; 17 of them have been related to introgressive fragments of Ae. cylindrica genome in T. aestivum. It was shown that ISSR-method is effective for detection of the variability caused by introgression of alien genetic material to T. aestivum genome.

[Investigation of molecular-genetic heterogeneity of clematis plants (Clematis L.) obtained by organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in vitro]. / Issledovanie molekuliarno-geneticheskoi geterogennosti rastenii klematisa (Clematis L.), poluchennykh putem organogeneza i somaticheskogo émbriogeneza in vitro.

Genome variability of in vitro micropropagated Clematis plants was established. The optimum concentrations of BAP and zeatin in the culture medium regulating in vitro morphogenetic processes in clematis explants cv. Serenada Kryma were determined. Molecular-genetic analysis of Clematis plants obtained via in vitro somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis was carried out. Using ISSR primers 105 amplicons have been revealed, six of them were polymorphic. The mean index of heterogeneity of clematis plants was 5.7%.

[Marker analysis of quantitative traits in maize by ISSR-PCR]. / Markernyi analiz kolichestvennykh priznakov kukuruzy pri pomoshchi ISSR-PTsR.

The segregating maize population (GK26 x Mo17)F2 has been used for identification of ISSR markers able to reveal a significant difference between alleles by a quantitative index. Confidence ranges have been determined for variation in 17 quantitative traits. Variations in the traits under study correlate with the inheritance of 16 marker loci have been found. The nature of these correlations and the possibility of chromosomal mapping of genetic markers are discussed.