ABSTRACT
The present paper surveys the number of Salmonella isolations in animals and feedstuffs in Sweden during 1988-1992. It is the eighth in a series of reports published by the National Veterinary Institute (NVI) since 1949. During the period referred to, 602 outbreaks of Salmonella were reported in animals, both domestic and wild. Compared with the previous 5-year period there was a 20% reduction in the number of outbreaks (760). Fifty-six different serotypes were reported, 19 of which had never been isolated in any animal in Sweden previously. A temporary increase in the number of outbreaks in poultry was seen in 1991 following an extended sampling before slaughter of layers. A remarkably high prevalence (38%) of Salmonella was observed in snakes in the wild. In 1990, the end-point testing of feeds was replaced by an approach based on HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) principles for the monitoring of feed mills. Significantly higher number of Salmonella positive samples were found by using this technique compared with the previous analysis of finished feed. It is concluded that the adopted Salmonella control program has contributed to a reduced number of Salmonella outbreaks in animals in Sweden.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Animals , Animals, Domestic/microbiology , Animals, Wild/microbiology , Salmonella/classification , Serotyping , Sweden/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A peroxidase antiperoxidase technique was developed for visualizing intact Toxoplasma gondii and its antigenic residues in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from fetal membranes recovered from ewes with induced toxoplasmosis. The peroxidase antiperoxidase method was specific and sensitive, allowing the detection of T gondii antigen even in severely decomposed tissues. Toxoplasma gondii infection was most commonly demonstrated in the cotyledons, heart, lungs, brain, and skeletal muscles of the fetus.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Protozoan/analysis , Fetal Diseases/veterinary , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Animals , Extraembryonic Membranes/parasitology , Female , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Fetus/parasitology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Mice , Placenta/parasitology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Sheep/parasitology , Sheep Diseases/congenital , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/congenitalABSTRACT
A solid phase fluorescent immunoassay using polyacrylamide beads coated with rabbit anti-porcine parvovirus antibodies has been developed and utilized in the diagnosis of porcine parvovirus infection. The antibody-coated beads (immunobeads) were used both to detect virus in mummified fetal tissues and to demonstrate specific antibodies in serum and ovarian follicular fluid. The immunobeads assay (IBA) was as sensitive as ELISA but more sensitive than virus isolation using tissue culture and haemagglutination tests. Both mummified and normal fetuses were obtained after experimental infection of SPF pregnant gilts. Using immunobeads, porcine parvovirus antigen was found in all mummified fetuses, but was found in only 1 out of 17 normal fetuses.