[Medical aspects of domestic violence against women and girls (review)].

In recent years scientists actively study the influence of domestic violence on psychological status and occurrence of mental disorders in women and girls. Psychological, physical, sexual and other types of violence are distinguished, the consequences of which are studied in many countries under the auspices of WHO. In international studies the serious consequences of domestic violence for women are investigated. It was found out that women develop stressful disorders, depression and dependence on psychoactive substances. Negative influence of domestic violence at girls is expressed in formation of behavioral disorders, violations of sexual development, suicidal trends. At analysis of consequences of domestic violence by WHO was developed the concept of "cycle of violence" and cruelty inside family when in process of long influence of psychological traumatic factors at women and girls aggressive actions occurred so that victim and aggressor changed places. The objective of the study was to analyze the current state of the problem on the basis of the literature data, to study the data on the consequences of domestic violence and cruelty against women and girls, to identify gender-specific violations.

[The presumption of mental health: is it really proved?] / Prezumptsiia psikhicheskogo zdorov'ia: mozhno li schitat' ee obosnovannoi?

The article is devoted to one of the most complicated and peculiar problems of modern psychiatry - the presumption of mental health. Its originality is seen in the fact that practically all speaking and writing about it noted the importance of this principle for the protection of rights and legal interests of citizens, failing into the field of psychiatry. However, expressing this opinion, doctors and lawyers offer very few arguments in support of this view. Traditional arguments in favor of the presumption of mental health, scattered and unsystematic, prove to be absolutely insolvent. It was also found out that the similarity of the presumption of mental health with the presumption of innocence is capable to entail negative consequences. The noted similarity strengthens stigmatizing effect of psychiatric diagnosis, making it extremely undesirable for the patient, and the basis of the relationship between the patient and the doctor laid counterproductive antagonistic model as the model of mutual relations of the accused with the prosecutor. The main conclusion of authors is that the supporters of the presumption of mental health have yet to prove its right to exist, to work out its content and try to neutralize some of the negative consequences of its possible implementation in practice. Without compliance with the listed conditions to bring the presumption of mental health to the level of one of the fundamental principles of Russian psychiatry would be premature.