Smoking and pregnancy.

Smoking is associated with decreased fertility in both males and females, an increased abortion rate, lowered birth weight, an increased still birth rate and probably an increased neonatal death rate. There is also a reduced incidence of maternal hypertension (although the babies are at even greater risk), an increased incidence of ante-partum haemorrhage, impaired brain development and possible teratogenic effects. These effects can be reversed if the mother gives up smoking in pregnancy.