ABSTRACT
In the literature review the authors present current data on the clinical features, prevalence and general approaches to treatment and prevention of mental disorders related with environmental factors in early childhood. A quite new class of the disorders, which are specific for early childhood: attachment disorders, clinical specifics of posttraumatic stress disorder, clinical manifestations of sleep disorders and feeding disorders is considered. It is emphasized that disturbed parent-child relations can be one of the predictors of early mental disorders in children. The modern models of psychotherapy for children of early age are presented.
Subject(s)
Life Change Events , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Mental Disorders/etiology , Prevalence , Psychotherapy , Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticABSTRACT
In the first part of a literature review, new approaches to multidisciplinary diagnoses of mental health disorders in early childhood are considered. The opportunities for standardization of clinical, psychological and social indicators on the basis of international Diagnostic classification of mental health and developmental disorders of infancy and early childhood (DC:0-3R) are emphasized. The main assessment of diagnostic techniques of this psycho-pathological class in the first years of life are considered. An analysis of current data on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and data about different variants of ASD course are presented. The analysis of current publications in the field of early constitutional and residual-organic abnormalities showed the congruence between them and 'regulation disorders of sensory processing', described in DC:0-3R.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Developmental Disabilities , Mental Disorders , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Mental HealthABSTRACT
The content of the first international classifications of mental health and developmental disorders of infancy and early childhood (DC:0-3 and DC:0-3R) is described. Both classifications are made as multiaxial systems and include the following axes of pschopathological diagnosis, abnormal relations, concomitant somatoneurological disturbances and developmental disorders as well as axes of psychosocial stressors and emotional and social functioning. Short descriptions of each axis with the focus at the axis of clinical disorders (DC:0-3R) are shown. This axis consists of 7 diagnostic items: 1) posttraumatic stress disorder and deprivation/maltreatment disorder); 2) disorders of affect, 3) adjustment disorders; 4) regulatory disorders of sensory processing; 5) sleep behavior disorders; 6) feeding behavior disorders; 7) disorders of relating and communication. Clinical parallels with the diagnosis of psychopathology of early age accepted by Russian specialists are analyzed.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/classification , Developmental Disabilities/classification , Mental Health/classification , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , International Classification of DiseasesABSTRACT
The authors summarize the data obtained during a comprehensive examination of 200 children of the first year of life with borderline mental disorders. Abnormalities of vegetative and instinctive regulation, psychomotor and affective disorders which are, as a rule, of the borderline nature, occupy the leading position in the structure of the above-indicated disorders. The latter ones are associated frequently enough with different types of development retardation and neurological deviations from normal. The signs of differentiating between these disorders and analogous ones within the framework of endogenous mental pathology are depicted. The role is demonstrated of etiological factors (perinatal encephalopathy, constitutional, psychosocial, disturbances of the mother-child system). The studies attest to the basic demonstrability of psychopathological abnormalities and to their great diversity in infants.
Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/psychology , Brain Diseases/psychology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Neurocognitive Disorders/etiology , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/complications , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/congenital , Brain Diseases/complications , Brain Diseases/congenital , Humans , Infant , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Psychomotor Disorders/diagnosisSubject(s)
Brain Injuries/psychology , Disasters , Neurocognitive Disorders/etiology , Neurotic Disorders/etiology , Panic , Adolescent , Age Factors , Armenia , Brain Injuries/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
The authors relate neuropsychic disorders in children and adolescents of Armenia in the acute period and 3 months after the earthquake. The pathological disorders were dependent on the individual reactivity of the child and environmental factors. 3 months after the earthquake 31% of the examines demonstrated marked mental disturbances. The prevalence of mental pathology among the population groups living in the regions damaged by the earthquake demands organization of specialized assistance for the population.
Subject(s)
Disasters , Mental Health , Adolescent , Armenia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Interview, Psychological , Mass Screening , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The work is based upon a combined prospective investigation into an urban children population aged 0 to 4 years by a group of psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists and an expert in neurophysiology. The age group under investigation showed a high incidence of mental disorders (10% on average). The authors have singled out some major lines of clinical research into the mental disorders and micropsychiatry including a number of practical issues of improving special therapeutic-preventive assistance to children population.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Health , Age Factors , Child Health Services/organization & administration , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Humans , Infant , Mass Screening/organization & administration , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , MoscowABSTRACT
The earlier detected factor determining the disadaptive behaviour of mental patients formed a basis for grouping children with a high risk of pathological behavioural disorders. The authors conducted a clinico-psychological and sociological study of one such high risk group composed of young children with ante-and perinatal damage to the brain who came from socially disadaptive families. Thirty children and their parents were studied. A pathoplastic effect of a disharmonic familial setting and a distorted nature of the interaction in the mother-child system on the clinical picture including manifestations of encephalopathy, retardation of mental development, specific disorders of communication and the first signs of behavioural disturbances was elucidated. A conclusion was drawn about the advisability of psychotherapeutic, psychocorrective and therapeutic-pedagogical work with such children in a special children institution.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/prevention & control , Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Child Behavior Disorders/complications , Child Behavior Disorders/etiology , Child, Preschool , Family , Female , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/complications , Male , Moscow , Mother-Child Relations , Psychotherapy , Risk , Social AdjustmentSubject(s)
Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Neurotic Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Borderline Personality Disorder/therapy , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Emotions , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neurotic Disorders/therapy , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , SyndromeABSTRACT
The investigation was carried out in Pushkin region of Azerbaijan SSR. The coefficient of inbreeding was found to be 0,01306 and 0,01142 in 2 typical villages; the frequency of consanguineous marriage in both villages was 30%. The occurence of consanguineous marriage is explained by a little migration of the population, large families and a stability of marriage traditions. An increased frequency of parental consanguinities of sporadic schizophrenic patients in comparison with the average one was found. This indicates the determination of some cases by rare recessive genes.
Subject(s)
Inbreeding , Schizophrenia/genetics , Azerbaijan , Female , Humans , Male , Rural Population , Schizophrenia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
An increased frequency of consanguineous marriages among the parents of schizophrenic patients in comparison with the control group of exogenous-somatic patients (infections, trauma) was found. Endogamy among the parents of schizophrenic patients and the control group was practically the same. The data obtained indicate a certain, but not the leading, role of inbreeding in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Inbreeding , Schizophrenia/genetics , Azerbaijan , Female , Humans , Male , Rural Population , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The investigation was carried out in Pushkin region of Azerbaijan SSR. The coefficient of inbreeding was found to be 0,01306 and 0,01142 in 2 typical villages; the frequency of consanguineous marriage in both villages was 30%. The occurrence of consanguineous marriage is explained by a little migration of the population, large families and a stability of marriage traditions. An increased frequency of parental consanguinities of sporadic schizophrenic patients in comparison with the average one was found. This indicates the determination of somes cases by rare recessive genes.
Subject(s)
Inbreeding , Schizophrenia/genetics , Azerbaijan , Humans , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
The investigation was carried out in Pushkin region of Azerbaijan SSR. The coefficient of inbreeding was found to be 0,01142 in 2 typical villages; the frequency of consanguineaous marriage in both villages was 30+. The occurence of consanguineous marriage is explained by a little migration of the population, large families and a stability of marriage traditions. An increased frequency of parental consanguinities of sporadic schizophrenic patients in comparison with the average one was found. This indicates the determination of some cases by rare recessive genes.
