ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of mentoring programs on undergraduate nursing students' mental health. BACKGROUND: The study of nursing has been cited as stressful, with negative effects on academic and physical well-being and mental health in nursing students. METHOD: An integrative review of the literature using the method of Whittemore and Knafl was performed on mentoring programs designed to mitigate student stress. Electronic databases searched included CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Embase, ERIC, and Scopus. RESULTS: The eight studies included in this review suggest that mentoring has positive impacts on nursing students' mental health, reducing stress and anxiety and enhancing well-being and sense of belonging. CONCLUSION: Mentoring programs have positive effects on mental health outcomes in undergraduate nursing students. Implementation of structured programs at the start of undergraduate studies can facilitate increased mental and physical well-being and decrease stress and anxiety.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize research findings about reproductive decision making among women who are BRCA positive. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION: Articles published in English between 2000 and June 28, 2020, about the reproductive decision making of women with a confirmed BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted data about participants, study design, analysis, follow-up, and results. We used the modified Downs and Black checklist and Kennelly's qualitative data analysis to rate studies for quality and applicability by using. DATA SYNTHESIS: We included five of 257 screened articles in our synthesis. The total sample size of the five studies was 1,468 women. The most prevalent factors related to reproductive decision making were the impending decisions regarding childbearing and family choices, including decisions about biological children, preventive surgery, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and prenatal diagnosis to prevent further transmission of a BRCA mutation, and family planning. CONCLUSION: A lack of knowledge exists about the reproductive decision-making processes of women who are BRCA positive. A better understanding of this process would provide nurses and other clinicians with the knowledge needed to support these women through their reproductive life choices.
Subject(s)
BRCA1 Protein , BRCA2 Protein , Decision Making , Preimplantation Diagnosis/psychology , Reproductive Behavior/psychology , Adult , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/psychology , Genetic Testing/methods , Humans , Preimplantation Diagnosis/adverse effectsABSTRACT
For precision health care to be successful, an in-depth understanding of the biological mechanisms for symptom development and severity is essential. Omics-based research approaches facilitate identification of the biological underpinnings of symptoms. We reviewed literature for omics-based approaches and exemplar symptoms (sleep disruption, cognitive impairment, fatigue, gastrointestinal [GI] distress, and pain) to identify genes associated with the symptom or symptoms across disease processes. The review yielded 27 genes associated with more than one symptom. ABCB1 (MDR1), APOE, BDNF, CNR1, COMT, DAT1 (SLC6A3), DRD4, ESR1, HLA-DRB1, IL10, IL1B, IL6, LTA, PTGS2 (COX-2), SLC6A4, and TNF were associated with cognitive impairment and pain, which had the most genes in common. COMT and TNF were related to all symptoms except sleep disruption. IL1B was associated with all symptoms except cognitive impairment. IL10, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, and IL8 (CXCL8) were linked with all the exemplar symptoms in various combinations. ABCB1 (MDR1) and SLC6A4 were associated with cognitive impairment, GI distress, and pain. IL10 and IL6 were linked to cognitive impairment, fatigue, and pain. APOE and BDNF were associated with sleep disruption, cognitive impairment, and pain. The 27 genes were associated with canonical pathways including immune, inflammatory, and cell signaling. The pathway analysis generated a 15-gene model from the 27 as well as 3 networks, which incorporated new candidate genes. The findings support the hypothesis of overlapping biological underpinnings across the exemplar symptoms. Candidate genes may be targeted in future omics research to identify mechanisms of co-occurring symptoms for potential precision treatments.
