Successful Clozapine Re-Challenge After Suspected Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis.

BACKGROUND Clozapine plays a unique role in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Clozapine re-challenge following an episode of myocarditis is controversial, with a very limited literature, although it may be crucial in the recovery of certain patients. To date and to the best of our knowledge, only 10 of 22 studied cases reported successful clozapine retrial after myocarditis. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 22-year-old Hispanic man with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and polysubstance use disorder (methamphetamine, cannabis, and alcohol) initiated on aggressive clozapine titration after lack of response to several other therapies. Approximately 16 days after clozapine trial, the patient developed cardiac function impairment, presenting with chest pain, notable elevation in several biomarkers (troponin: 0.72 ng/ml, ESR >100 mm/h, CRP: 20.8 mg/dl, and BNP: 999 ng/ml), and a depressed ejection fraction at 25%. Further assessments also showed positive hepatitis A serology. Following discontinuation of clozapine and providing supportive care, the patient's physical symptoms resolved. He had a relapse of psychotic symptoms, which were refractory to treatment with other antipsychotic agents. Subsequently, the patient underwent a second clozapine trial under close monitoring, with resolution of his psychosis. Repeated echocardiography demonstrated improved EF to 50%, transaminitis was resolved, repeat blood test results were normalized, and the patient was discharged while he was stabilized and asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS This case adds to the previous case reports and suggests that clinicians may consider clozapine re-challenge following an episode of myocarditis based on clinical judgment, on a case-by-case basis, and under close monitoring. We highlight the need for development of clinical guidelines for clozapine re-challenge.

Triazolam-induced Mania in a Patient with Bipolar I Disorder Following a Dental Procedure.

Dental appointments and procedures may induce anxiety in some patients, which may ultimately lead to nonadherence and detrimental long-term effects. Often times, dentists prescribe short-acting benzodiazepines (triazolam) to alleviate anxiety during the duration of the procedure. However, benzodiazepines can cause adverse effects such as delirium and psychosis, which can be exacerbated by their interaction with previously prescribed medications and in those with mental health conditions. Our patient, a 60-year-old Caucasian female, with stable bipolar I disorder presented to the inpatient psychiatric unit with psychotic features and was diagnosed with substance-induced mania secondary to the administration of triazolam by her dentist for upcoming procedures. The patient's symptomatology resolved upon stabilization, and she was transferred to outpatient psychiatry for continued management.