[Peculiarities of physical growth and body composition of preterm infants, received different types of feeding, at the discharge from hospital].

BACKGROUND: This article is devoted to a research and practice problem--optimization of feeding preterm infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 80 preterm infants of different GA with perinatal pathology were included in the study group. Anthropometric figures of weight and length z-scores and also BMI of preterm infants, received different types of feedings, at the discharge are presented. All patients' body composition (Fat free mass and Fat mass) was estimated by air plethysmography. RESULTS: Less mass and length at the discharge in preterm infants, received breast feeding (including fortified milk), in comparison with the infants, received mixed and formula feeding, were found out. At the same time, preterm infants received breast feeding had more optimal body composition (less fat mass), than the infants received formula feeding. CONCLUSION: Personalised approach to human milk fortifiers prescription is explained. Important practical value of methodology for estimating body composition by air plethysmography is established.

[Evaluation of premature infants nutritional status by air plethysmography: first Russian prospective study].

In this article results of first Russian study on premature infants body composition in association with trend of their physical development within the first month and according to way of feeding. 30 preterm newborns without signs of intrauterine hypotrophy at birth with gestational age less than 35 month were examined by air body plethysmography. The infants were examined reaching term corrected age. Less levels of fat-free mass and increased percentage of fat were found in premature infants. The negative association between gestational age and the specific content of fat was found. This increases the risk of long-term metabolic diseases in preterm infants. It is found that preterm infants fed by fortified human milk have a more optimal body composition (less body fat levels) than infants fed by formula. The found consistent patterns confirm the necessity of supplying preterm infants with human milk for more adequate formation of plastic processes.

[Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes M1 and T1 in patients with motor neuron disease from the city of Moscow]. / Polimorfnye markery genov gliutation-S-transferazy M1 i T1 i bolezn' dvigatel'nogo neirona u patsientov iz g. Moskvy.

Comparison of the frequency distributions of alleles, genotypes, and genotype combinations of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 did not show statistically significant differences between patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and a random sample from the Moscow population. Apparently, these genes are not involved in MND pathogenesis in these patients.

[Selenium contents in human milk after term and preterm labor and in breast milk substitutes]. / Soderzhanie selena v zhenskom moloke posle srochnykh i prezhdevremennykh rodov, a takzhe v adaptirovannykh molochnykh produktakh.

Selenium contents in breast milk of Russia's and Vietnam's women after term and preterm childbirth and in breast milk substitutes were studied. The concentration of selenium in breast milk of Russia's women was normal after term and preterm childbirth. The level of selenium in breast milk of Vietnam's women was decreased and could not satisfy completely the need of breasted infants. Selenium contents in babyfood "Malutka" Istra' manufacturing company were lower than those in Sybaj' company.

[Content of toxic substances in breast milk after timely and premature labor]. / Soderzhanie toksichnykh veshchestv v zhenskom moloke posle srochnykh i prezhdevremennykh rodov.

Data on the contents of protein, fats and toxic compounds (PCB, DDT, gamma-Lindane) in breast milk Russian and Vietnamese women after timely and premature childbed are resulted. The contents of protein in transitive milk was higher than in mature milk, both timely childbed and premature one. The contents of protein in nature milk of the Vietnamese women was lower, than in mature milk of the Russian women (12 g/l against 16.5 g/l accordingly). The contents of fat in breast milk of the Russian women in lactation increased. Vietnamese women had very low fat level in mature milk (29 g/l against 42 g/l at the Russian women). The contents of toxic compounds (PCB, DDT, gamma-Lindane) in breast milk both, Vietnamese women and Russian women was rather high and significant frequency of detection of these compounds in milk was marked. The correlation contents of basic food components in breast milk and level of toxic compounds was absent.

[Nitrogen and fat balance of premature infants in the 1st days of life]. / Issledovanie balansa azota i zhira u nedonoshennykh detei pervykh dnei zhizni.

Significant nitrogen imbalance was recorded in the presence of satisfactory fat retention in premature infants during the first days of life. It is suggested that along with the biochemically immature processes of protein assimilation aggravated by the perinatal pathology protein deficiency plays an important role in the nitrogen imbalance in the premature infants. To prevent the above disorders the authors recommend that the premature infants be given minimum 1.8-2 g protein/kg bw; long-term milk infusions through a naso-gastric tube could be helpful in this case.