ABSTRACT
Frequency of allelic variants of proteasome subunits genes LMP2 (Arg60 --> His) and PSMA6 were determined in patients with ischemic stroke using real-time PCR. Allelic variants of PSMA6 were disposed in the next manner: C/C - 80.2%, C/G - 19.8%, G/G--were not (in control) and C/C - 75.5%, C/G - 21.4%, G/G - 3.1% (P = 0.22) in patients with IS. It was shown that distribution of LMP2 allelic variants was the following: Arg/Arg - 53.3%, Arg/His - 43.5%, His/His - 6.7% in control and Arg/Arg - 55.9%, Arg/His - 34.3%, His/His - 9.8% in IS group (P > 0.05). The data show that LMP2 and PSMA6 gene polymorphism is not a risk factor of ischemic stroke in Ukrainian population.
Subject(s)
Brain Infarction/genetics , Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics , Gene Frequency , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/genetics , Aged , Brain Infarction/immunology , Case-Control Studies , DNA/genetics , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , UkraineABSTRACT
There is a huge body of evidence showing that long-termed diabetes mellitus is followed with hippocampal dysfunction. The goal of this work was to investigate the expression of proteasome subunits PSMB5 and PSMB9 mRNA in CA1, CA2 and CA3 areas of hippocampus in parallel with processes of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) in development dynamics of streptozotocine-induced diabetes. We have studied hippocampal neurons using chromatine dye Hoechst-33342 and immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic cell death marker caspase-3. At day 3 and 7 after injection of streptozotocine we have performed visualization of caspase-3-immunopositive neurons showing signs of neurodegeneration in hippocampal sections using confocal microscope Olympus FV1000. The rate of proteasome subunits PSMB5 and PSMB9 mRNA expression was determined with RT-PCR. The results indicated elevation of PSMB9 mRNA content (from 4807 +/- 0.392 arbU up to 20,023 +/- 4949 arbU on day 3 and up to 20,253 +/- 5141 arbU on day 7). A maximal number of cells with signs of chromatin condensation was observed at day 3 and day 7 in CA2 and CA3 area (11.51% and 12.49% respectively). That indicates an intensification of proapoptotic processes. Summarizing the results presented above we can conclude that during the first week of diabetes mellitus development, hippocampal cells undergo the process of impairment and degeneration.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Cysteine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Hippocampus/pathology , Neurons/pathology , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Animals , Caspase 3/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Hippocampus/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Necrosis , Neurons/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The migration, integration and differentiation of fetal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ischemic brain have been studied. In our study the ischemic insult in FVB line mice was produced by occlusion of both carotid arteries during 20 min. A day after occlusion NPCs from GFP-transgenic 12.5 dpc embryos were suboccipitally transplanted to the ischemic brain. The migration and differentiation of GFP-positive NPCs in the recipient tissue were observed in different time points after their transplantation by immunohistochemical approaches using confocal scanning microscopy. It has been shown that GFP-positive NPCs survived, migrated and differentiated to the mature neurons and glial cells in CA1 area of hippocampus of ischemic animals.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/therapy , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Cell Movement/physiology , Fetal Stem Cells/transplantation , Neurons/transplantation , Stem Cell Transplantation , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Fetal Stem Cells/cytology , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Immunohistochemistry , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Microscopy, Confocal , Neurons/cytologyABSTRACT
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) can influence various developmental events, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Recent advances have provided evidence that in addition to their adhesive properties, CAMs can affect intracellular signalling and synaptic function. This review focuses on the role of CAMs in the modulation of synaptic activity. Some mechanisms are being discussed including one that involve the ability of CAMs to initiate the formation of scaffolds permitting efficient signalling.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , Animals , Humans , Neuronal Plasticity , Neurons/metabolismABSTRACT
The neuroprotective action by water-soluble form of quercetin was examined in gerbils after transient forebrain ischemia. The animals were exposed to 7 min of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Hippocampal CA 1 area was examined 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. The average density of CA1 pyramidal neurons and GFAP-positive glial cells were counted in sham operated group, in ischemic group and in the groups treated with water-soluble form of quercetin. It was shown that quercetin revealed protective effect by decreasing of delayed neuronal death and reducing reactive astrogliosis after ischemia-reperfusion.
