ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate oral health in asthmatic children using inhaled therapy and to compare the oral health status according to ß2 agonist and corticosteroid dose administrated. Methods: The study group composed of 160 children aged between 2 and 15 years old who had bronchial asthma at different degrees of severity, the children followed at university hospital of Casablanca. A questionnaire was filled referring to oral health habits. For dental examinations, world health organization criteria and for plaque indices the Silness and Löe plaque index were used. Oral mucosal was examined to detect candidiasis or ulcerations. Results: The dental plaque registered was 1,13 ± 0,64. The mean DMFT was 3,75 ± 1,53 and the mean DMFT was 5,50 ± 3,02. A statistically significant higher average DMFT and DMFT values were observed with higher dose of ß2 agonist (p < 0,05). Almost a third of studied population had oral candidiasis and 6,9% had ulcerations. These oral mucosal lesions were particularly observed in children receiving inhaled corticosteroid higher than 400 µg/j (P < 10-5) and they were lower in children using a spacer device and rinsing the mouth after treatment (P < 10-5). Conclusion: The results suggest higher caries susceptibility and oral mucosal lesions among asthmatic children undergoing inhaled treatment with ß2 agonist and corticosteroid. A special attention by doctors and health professionals of these patients is necessary and asthmatic children are recommended to adopt more precautionary oral hygiene practices.
Subject(s)
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage , Asthma/drug therapy , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Oral Health , Administration, Inhalation , Adolescent , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , DMF Index , Dental Plaque Index , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Morocco , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, also called post-infectious encephalitis; it is triggered by an autoimmune mechanism and follows an infection or a vaccination after a free interval of 2 to 30 days. We report a case of ADEM in a 4-year-old girl, who was diagnosed based on the data from a brain MRI, which revealed multiple demyelinization foci in the periventricular white matter, the semi-oval centers, and the thalamic regions, both bilaterally and symmetrically. The clinical course was characterized by complete recovery 10 days after steroid therapy. In the literature, more than the half of the patients treated for ADEM had a good prognosis, with recovery and no sequelae. Clinical improvement is generally noted in the hours or days following the initiation of treatment. However, in the most severe cases of ADEM, the most frequent neurological sequelae consist in focal deficiencies of the limbs and ataxia or visual disorders. Cognitive and behavioral disorders are noted in 6 to 50% of pediatric patients.
Subject(s)
Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/virology , Herpesviridae Infections , Child, Preschool , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Acute drug poisonings of the child is a major problem for health authorities all over the world, and are responsible for serious morbidity with mortality risks. The present retrospective study has involved 150 cases of drug poisoning observed in the Casablanca children's hospital over a period of 7 years. Most intoxication cases are accidental (84%), (mostly in children of 1 to 5 years old 74.6%), willful (11.3%), or iatrogenic (4.7%). Happening most often at home (95%) with a high frequency between 5 and 6 p.m. (24%) and 11 a 12 p.m. (13.3%), time of strong hunger. The large majority of drugs wer psychotropic agents (56%), principally diazepins (39%). Followed by oral contraceptive (8%), antihistaminics (8%), analgesics (7%), antibiotics (4%) and others (11%). Prevention is of high importance, and must be made effective on the wildest scale.
