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1.
Anat Cell Biol ; 56(3): 404-408, 2023 Sep 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37258423

ABSTRACT

In arctic zone of West Siberia, native people's bodies were sometimes mummified inside the medieval graves. In 2013 to 2017, we conducted the excavations of medieval graves at Zeleny Yar cemetery in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Among the burials, current report deals with the mummy grave #79. During the investigation, bronze plate and strips, woven or fur clothing, leather strap, beads, bronze bracelets, and iron knife etc. were collected. Anatomical and radiological research showed that the mummy was found intact with hair, skin, and skeletons, but the preservation status of soft tissue differed greatly depending on the area. The brain and eyes were well preserved, but the chest and abdominal organs almost disappeared. The arms were preserved to some extent, but only the bones remained in the legs. The West Siberian mummy could be a great resource for anthropologists to reveal the biological aspects of arctic indigenous people.

2.
PLoS One ; 14(1): e0210718, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30682121

ABSTRACT

Notwithstanding the pioneering achievements of studies on arctic mummies in Siberia, there are insufficient data for any comprehensive understanding of the bio-cultural details of medieval people living in the region. In the Western Siberian arctic, permafrost mummies have been found in 12th to 13th century graves located in the Zeleny Yar (Z-Y) burial ground (66°19'4.54"С; 67°21'13.54"В). In 2013-2016, we were fortunate to be able to excavate that cemetery, locating a total of 47 burials, including cases of mummification. Some of these mummies had been wrapped in a multi-layered birch-bark cocoon. After removal of the cocoon, we conducted interdisciplinary studies using various scientific techniques. Gross anatomical examination and CT radiography showed that the internal organs were still well preserved inside the body cavities. Under light and electron microscopy, the histological findings were very similar to those for naturally mummified specimens discovered in other countries. Ancient DNA analysis showed that the Z-Y mummies' mtDNA haplotypes belong to five different haplogroups, namely U5a (#34), H3ao (#53), D (#67-1), U4b1b1 (#67-2), and D4j8 (#68), which distinguish them for their unique combination of Western- and Eastern Siberia-specific mtDNA haplogroups. Our interdisciplinary study obtained fundamental information that will form the foundation of successful future investigations on medieval mummies found in the Western Siberian arctic.


Subject(s)
Mummies , Arctic Regions , Burial , Cemeteries , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Haplotypes , Humans , Siberia
3.
Korean J Parasitol ; 57(6): 567-573, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31914506

ABSTRACT

An archaeoparasitological analysis of the soil samples from Nadym Gorodok site of Western Siberia has been carried out in this study. The archaeological site was dated as the 13 to 18th century, being characterized as permafrost region ensuring good preservation of ancient parasite eggs. Parasite eggs as Opisthorchis felineus, Alaria alata, and Diphyllobothrium sp. were found in the archaeological soil samples, which made clear about the detailed aspects of Nadym Gorodok people's life. We found the Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs throughout the 14 to 18th century specimens, allowing us to presume that raw or undercooked fish might have been commonly used for the foods of Nadym Gorodok inhabitants and their dogs for at least the past 400 years. Our study on Nadym Gorodok specimens also demonstrate that there might have been migratory interactions and strong economic ties between the people and society in Western Siberia, based on archaeoparasitological results of Opisthorchis felineus in Western Siberia.


Subject(s)
Opisthorchis/isolation & purification , Parasitology/history , Soil/parasitology , Animals , Archaeology/history , Diphyllobothrium/classification , Diphyllobothrium/isolation & purification , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Platyhelminths/classification , Platyhelminths/isolation & purification , Siberia
4.
Korean J Parasitol ; 57(6): 607-612, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31914512

ABSTRACT

The aim of this parasitological study is examining contemporary (the late 20th century) specimens of the arctic or subarctic areas in Western Siberia and comparing them with the information acquired from archaeological samples from the same area. In the contemporary specimens, we observed the parasite eggs of 3 different species: Opisthochis felineus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis. Meanwhile, in archaeoparasitological results of Vesakoyakha, Kikki-Akki, and Nyamboyto I burial grounds, the eggs of Diphyllobothrium and Taenia spp. were found while no nematode (soil-transmitted) eggs were observed in the same samples. In this study, we concluded helminth infection pattern among the arctic and subarctic peoples of Western Siberia throughout history as follows: the raw fish-eating tradition did not undergo radical change in the area at least since the 18th century; and A. lumbricoides or E. vermicularis did not infect the inhabitants of this area before 20th century. With respect to the Western Siberia, we caught glimpse of the parasite infection pattern prevalent therein via investigations on contemporary and archaeoparasitological specimens.


Subject(s)
Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/history , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Archaeology/history , Arctic Regions/epidemiology , Arctic Regions/ethnology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Helminthiasis/ethnology , Helminths/cytology , Helminths/isolation & purification , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , Male , Ovum/cytology , Parasitology/history , Prevalence , Siberia/epidemiology , Siberia/ethnology , Young Adult
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(5): 387-390, May 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841793

ABSTRACT

We present an arhaeoparasitological analysis of a unique burial from the Neftprovod II burial ground in East Siberia, which dated from the Bronze Age. Analysis of a sediment sample from the sacral region of the pelvis revealed the presence of Taenia sp. eggs. Because uncooked animal tissue is the primary source of Taenia, this indicated that the individual was likely consuming raw or undercooked meat of roe deer, red deer, or elk infected with Taenia. This finding represents the oldest case of a human infected with Taenia sp. from Eastern Siberia and Russia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Paleopathology , Taenia/isolation & purification , History, Ancient , Siberia , Burial , Rivers
6.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(5): 387-390, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28443983

ABSTRACT

We present an arhaeoparasitological analysis of a unique burial from the Neftprovod II burial ground in East Siberia, which dated from the Bronze Age. Analysis of a sediment sample from the sacral region of the pelvis revealed the presence of Taenia sp. eggs. Because uncooked animal tissue is the primary source of Taenia, this indicated that the individual was likely consuming raw or undercooked meat of roe deer, red deer, or elk infected with Taenia. This finding represents the oldest case of a human infected with Taenia sp. from Eastern Siberia and Russia.


Subject(s)
Paleopathology , Taenia/isolation & purification , Animals , Burial , History, Ancient , Humans , Rivers , Siberia
7.
Korean J Parasitol ; 54(5): 617-623, 2016 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27853118

ABSTRACT

An excavation of the Vesakoyakha II-IV and Nyamboyto I burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine interactions between parasites and host/vectors. Considering the discovery of Diphyllobothrium sp. and Taenia sp. eggs in soil samples from the pelvic region, diphyllobothriasis was the most frequent helminthic infection among the Taz Nenets. The Nyamboyto Nenets mainly consumed uncooked fish, while the Vesakoyakha Nenets had a bigger variety in food choices, including reindeer meat. Nenets children were given raw fish from early childhood. The paleoparasitological results corroborate rare ethnographic records about the consumption of uncooked reindeer cerebrum which led to beef tapeworm helminthiases. This is the first parasitological report of helminthic diseases among the Taz Nenets, and, as such, it provides insight into their subsistence activities and food patterns and broadens our understanding of their health condition.


Subject(s)
Diphyllobothrium/isolation & purification , Feeding Behavior , Fossils/parasitology , Taenia/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Rural Population , Russia , Tundra
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(8): 974-980, Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769834

ABSTRACT

We present a paleoparasitological analysis of the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground of the XII-XII centuries AD located in the northern part of Western Siberia. Parasite eggs, identified as eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, were found in the samples from the pelvic area of a one year old infant buried at the site. Presence of these eggs in the soil samples from the infant’s abdomen suggests that he/she was infected with opisthorchiasis and imply consumption of undercooked fish. Ethnographic records collected among the population of the northern part of Western Siberia reveal numerous cases of feeding raw fish to their children. Zeleniy Yar case of opisthorchiasis suggests that this dietary custom has persisted from at least medieval times.


Subject(s)
Animals , History, Medieval , Humans , Infant , Cemeteries/history , Foodborne Diseases/history , Mummies/parasitology , Opisthorchiasis/history , Raw Foods/parasitology , Feeding Behavior , Fishes/parasitology , Food Parasitology/history , Opisthorchis/isolation & purification , Parasite Egg Count/history , Siberia/ethnology , Zygote
9.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(8): 974-80, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26602874

ABSTRACT

We present a paleoparasitological analysis of the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground of the XII-XII centuries AD located in the northern part of Western Siberia. Parasite eggs, identified as eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, were found in the samples from the pelvic area of a one year old infant buried at the site. Presence of these eggs in the soil samples from the infant's abdomen suggests that he/she was infected with opisthorchiasis and imply consumption of undercooked fish. Ethnographic records collected among the population of the northern part of Western Siberia reveal numerous cases of feeding raw fish to their children. Zeleniy Yar case of opisthorchiasis suggests that this dietary custom has persisted from at least medieval times.


Subject(s)
Cemeteries/history , Foodborne Diseases/history , Mummies/parasitology , Opisthorchiasis/history , Raw Foods/parasitology , Animals , Feeding Behavior , Fishes/parasitology , Food Parasitology/history , History, Medieval , Humans , Infant , Opisthorchis/isolation & purification , Parasite Egg Count/history , Siberia/ethnology , Zygote
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