A comparison of low versus high radioiodine administered activity in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.

Post-surgical therapeutic management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is still a controversial subject. Indeed, there is no consensus on the dose of 131I to be administered, although the current trend towards therapy easing through mini-cures for patients with good prognosis. To confirm the non-inferiority in terms of effectiveness of an ablative mini-cure from 1.11 to 1.85 GBq, over a cure of 3.7 GBq, in patients with DTC operated for low and very low risk. We retrospectively studied 157 patients with very low and low risk DTC, followed in the Nuclear Medicine Department of the Salah Azaiez Institute between 2002 and 2012. These patients had a complementary radioiodine therapy with either low dose (group A) or high dose (group B) with an evaluation at 6 months post treatment and in long-term. The study took place at a referral center. The average age was 42.8 ± 13.7 years with a female predominance (86.7 %). The DTC papillary represented the most common etiology (95 %) with a predominance of pure papillary (68 %) on the follicular variant (27 %). The first cure evaluation did not show statistically significant difference between the two approaches in terms of therapeutic ablative efficiency (p = 0.13). The overall success rate was 77 % (121/157), with 83 % (54/65) in group A and 72.8 % (67/92) in group B. The likelihood of having a remission from the first cure was 1.83 times greater for patients treated with low doses (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI 0.23-1.29). At the end of follow, we have noted one case of refractory disease. The male gender (adjusted OR = 2.71, 95 % CI 0.51-4.23, p = 0.03), and the baseline Tg ≥ 10 (ng/ml) (adjusted OR = 3.48, 95 % CI 1.25-9.67, p = 0.01) were significantly independent predictors of successful first cure ablation. The results provide that mini-dose protocol is not less effective for ablation of the thyroid remnant than 3.7 GBq activity.

[Laryngotracheobronchial foreign body in children: predictive factors of respiratory sequelae]. / Le corps étranger laryngo-trachéo-bronchique chez l'enfant : facteurs prédictifs des séquelles respiratoires.

BACKGROUND: Inhalation of laryngotracheobronchial foreign body in children is a serious accident that may compromise the prognosis of the child and the respiratory function in the long term. AIM: identify the predictive factors of respiratory sequelae of laryngotracheobronchial foreign body inhalation. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the children hospital of Tunis during a period of nine years (2000 - 2008). In all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: 60 children were included in the study. The average age was 24.9 +/- 3.4 months. 2 / 3 of the children were boys. The foreign body was plant in 80% of cases. The penetration syndrome was reported in 83.7% of cases. The average time of stay of foreign body was 14 days. The chest radiograph was abnormal in 77.4% of cases. Endoscopic extraction was performed in 59 cases and a pneumectomy was conducted in one child. 30 children were followed for an average of 23 months. 18 children had not respiratory sequelae (clinical, radiological and scintigraphic). 10 children had respiratory sequelae (clinical and radiological and/or scintigraphic) at the last follow-up and four patients developed bronchial dilatation. Respiratory sequelae were correlated with the stay period of the foreign body exceeding 84H. Neither age, nor sex, nor the nature of foreign body or its location, nor the presence of radiological opacity at the initial radiograph, were predictive factors of respiratory sequelae. CONCLUSION: The inhalation of foreign body is a serious accident affecting essentially male infants. Clinical, radiological and scintigraphic follow up is mandatory.

[Sentinel node in breast cancer. Experience of the Salah-Azaïz Institute of Tunis]. / Le ganglion sentinelle dans le cancer du sein. Expérience de l'institut Salah-Azaïz de Tunis.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer screening increased the ratio of small tumours. These tumours have a low lymph node metastatic potential. Sentinel node detection allows detecting axillary lymph node invasion without the morbidity of complete axillary lymph node dissection. OBJECTIVES: In this study we report the results of the learning curve of sentinel node detection in the Institut Salah-Azaïz of Tunis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a prospective study between January 2004 and December 2005 in which 115 patients were included with breast cancer less than 3 cm without antecedents of breast surgery. All these women had sentinel node dissection by a colorimetric method and 30% had a combined method (colorimetric and isotopic). RESULTS: The rate of detection was 97.3% (n = 112). An extemporaneous examination was performed in 91 patients. The rate of negative forgery of the extemporaneous examination was 4.3% and the sensitivity of 95.7%. There are no false positive with the extemporaneous exam. The sentinel lymph node was the only node invaded in 15 patients (44%). In 3 patients, the sentinel node was healthy whereas the axillary dissection was positive, so the false negative rate is about 2.6%. CONCLUSION: Sentinel node dissection is a reliable and feasible technique. It however requires a training of the surgeon, the pathologist and the nuclear doctor. It allows to reduce the morbidity of the treatment of the breast cancer by avoiding "useless" axillary dissection out in patients without node invasion. The increase in the number of the small cancers discovered during screening makes it possible to increase the number of patients who can profit from this technique.

Prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies during treatment with benzylthiouracil.

BACKGROUND: Drug induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis is a rare complication associated especially with propylthiouracil (PTU). Prevalence of ANCA in patients receiving PTU is well established. Few cases of vasculitis were also reported with benzylthiouracil (BTU). The objective of this study is to clarify the prevalence of ANCA in patients receiving BTU. METHODS: ANCA were investigated by indirect immunofluoresence and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in 159 patients with Graves' disease (86 untreated and 73 treated with BTU). RESULTS: ANCA were positive in three (3.5%) untreated patients and 27 (37%) treated ones. Titres of ANCA varied between 1:20 and 1:200. There was a significant association between BTU treatment and ANCA (p<0.001). ANCA were directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO) in 28 (93.3%) patients. Median treatment duration was 24 months (ranges 0.5 to 144 months). There was no significant association between treatment duration and ANCA. Vasculitis was found in two (2.7%) treated patients. One patient has developed isolated cutaneous vasculitis and the other one a pulmonary vasculitis with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: BTU therapy is characterised by a high prevalence of ANCA mainly but not exclusively directed against MPO. However, vasculitis remains a rare complication.

Diabetes mellitus as an early symptom of pancreatic cancer diagnosed three years later.

We present a case of a 40-year-old man with strong family history of diabetes. His pancreatic ultrasonography was normal at the discovery of his diabetes. Anti-pancreatic antibodies were negative. The patient was treated by insulin and continued to loose weight. His diabetes remained unstable during the follow-up. Three years later, a pancreatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed which was locally advanced and could not be removed surgically. This observation argues among several mechanisms explaining diabetes in subjects with pancreatic cancer, in favor of tumor-derived diabetogenic substance and suggests that diabetes mellitus could reveal pancreatic cancer even in the presence of conventional risk factors of type 2 diabetes.

Eosinophilic fasciitis and toxic thyroid adenoma--a novel association.

Eosinophilic fasciitis is characterized by skin induration, peripheral blood eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and thickening, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration of the fascia. There have been several reports of illness particularly haematological disorders in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. However, their association with thyroid disorders has rarely been described and includes autoimmune thyroiditis rather than toxic thyroid adenoma. We describe a case of a 53-year-old woman with simultaneous association of eosinophilic fasciitis and subclinical hyperthyroidism caused by toxic thyroid adenoma. Corticosteroids, antithyroid drugs and radioiodine therapy were started, with a good follow-up

Regression of skin lesions of Kyrle's disease with metronidazole in a diabetic patient.

We describe here in a case of a 41-year-old man, with diabetes mellitus, who presented manifestations of Kyrle's disease. Administration of metronidazole, 500 mg twice daily for 1 month, resulted in complete regression of skin lesions with no recurrence during 12 months of follow-up. This successful antibiotic treatment is to support the role of infectious agents (anaerobic bacteria) in the pathogenesis of Kyrle's disease.

Creatinine clearance estimation after kidney transplantation: an analysis of three methods.

Surveillance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for the management of kidney transplant recipients. We compared the performance of estimation equations with (99m)Technetium ((99m)Tc)-DTPA clearance (TcGFR) in 32 of our patients, using the Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases (MDRD), Nankivell (NK), and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formulas. All patients were adequately hydrated before study. (99m)Tc-DTPA was injected intravenously (maximal dose = 37 MBq). A second syringe was prepared for an aliquot of the study ("standard"). Blood was sampled at 120 and 240 minutes in various sites. After centrifugation, 1.0 mL plasma was transferred into a counting vial. Both the samples and the "standard" were measured in a well counter. The mean time from transplantation to TcGFR was 47.9 months (range, 4-143 months). The mean serum creatinine level was 124 micromol/L (range, 70-371 micromol/L). The mean TcGFR was 58.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range, 14-100 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). The MDRD equation showed a median difference of 1.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2) with 81.2% of estimated GFR within 20% of TcGFR. Median differences were 8.94 and 11.47 mL/min/1.73 m(2) for NK and CG formulas, respectively. The precision of the NK and CG was such that only 56.25% and 62.5% of estimations, respectively, fell within 20% of TcGFR. In this study, the MDRD equation demonstrated the best overall performance among the 3 tested methods. It should be sufficient for routine clinical practice in kidney transplantation.