ABSTRACT
This review article describes our simplified biophysical model for the response of a group of cells to ionizing radiation. The model, which is a product of 10 years of studies, acts as (a) a comprehensive stochastic approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation with a probability tree and (b) the thereof derived detailed deterministic models describing the selected biophysical and radiobiological phenomena in an analytical manner. Specifically, the presented model describes effects such as the risk of neoplastic transformation of cells relative to the absorbed radiation dose, the dynamics of tumor development, the priming dose effect (also called the Raper-Yonezawa effect) based on the introduced adaptive response approach, and the bystander effect. The model is also modifiable depending on users' potential needs.
ABSTRACT
The present paper proposes two methods of calculating components of the dose absorbed by the human body after exposure to a mixed neutron and gamma radiation field. The article presents a novel approach to replace the common iterative method in its analytical form, thus reducing the calculation time. It also shows a possibility of estimating the neutron and gamma doses when their ratio in a mixed beam is not precisely known.
Subject(s)
Radiobiology , Radiometry , Bayes Theorem , Gamma Rays , Neutrons , Radiation DosageABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The calibration of the dosimetric instruments is a basis of safety of the people working with the ionization radiation. The necessity of calibration is especially important in the institutions where the open radioactive sources are used. The paper presents the abilities of CLOR's radiological protection instruments calibration facility and the important conclusions from calibrations results for group of instruments used in Nuclear Medicine Department in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results for five types of instruments dedicated for dose rate as well as for contamination measurements were presented. Analyzes were based on the results presented at calibration certificated of chosen instruments. RESULTS: It has been shown that the calibration factor might fluctuate by 50% in period of one year for particular instrument as well as for more than 100% for two instruments of the same type. CONCLUSIONS: The presented results prove the importance of the calibration process and it is evidence that the calibration process of the radiation protection instruments should be performed periodically for the test of dose rate measurements as well as for contamination measurements abilities.
