[Retinal bioelectrical activity in amblyopia].

The mechanisms of visual dysfunction in high amblyopia have not been adequately investigated. Different types of electroretinograms (ERG) as part of the ISCEV standard, as well as macular (15%) pattern and multifocal ERG were recorded in 41 children aged 5-17 years who had high amblyopia with varying gaze fixation and a visual acuity of 0.03-0.1. In high amblyopia, the mixed, macular, and flicker (30 Hz) ERGs were unchanged; however, some patients had supernormal a-wave of a mixed ERG, subnormal a-a- and b-waves of a macular ERG, and a moderately subnormal ERG pattern. Recording of a multifocal ERG showed lower retinal density values in the first and second rings. Thus, in high amblyopia, there are characteristic retinal bioelectrical activity impairments recorded under different conditions of stimulation and adaptation, which suggest that there are impaired interreceptor relations at the retinal level. These changes statistically significantly differ from those in organic retinal defects, which may be a criterion for their differential diagnosis.

[Principles of background stimulation in the treatment of amblyopia]. / Printsipy fonovoi stimuliatsii v lechenii ambliopii.

Described in the paper are the results of a comparative evaluation of treatment of amblyopia by computer techniques based on the modern understanding of the mechanisms of impaired visual functions, as observed in amblyopia, comprising stimulation of different canals of the visual system, which were affected or not. Better clinical-and-functional results were fixed in patients with high amblyopia by using the "Ambcar" soft stimulating the magnocellular system by sinusoidal grates with the eyes being fixed on moving objects as well as in patients with moderate amblyopia by using the "eYe" and "Krestiki" soft tools affecting different canals of the visual system and different levels of the parvocellular system. Amblyopia should be treated with respect to individual differences between affected functions of the visual system in each patient, and a therapy method should be chosen in proportion to a disease severity.