ABSTRACT
The world needs to produce more food, more sustainably, on a planet with scarce resources and under changing climate. The advancement of technologies, computing power and analytics offers the possibility that 'digitalisation of agriculture' can provide new solutions to these complex challenges. The role of science is to evidence and support the design and use of digital technologies to realise these beneficial outcomes and avoid unintended consequences. This requires consideration of data governance design to enable the benefits of digital agriculture to be shared equitably and how digital agriculture could change agricultural business models; that is, farm structures, the value chain and stakeholder roles, networks and power relations, and governance. We argue that this requires transdisciplinary research (at pace), including explicit consideration of the aforementioned socio-ethical issues, data governance and business models, alongside addressing technical issues, as we now have to simultaneously deal with multiple interacting outcomes in complex technical, social, economic and governance systems. The exciting prospect is that digitalisation of science can enable this new, and more effective, way of working. The question then becomes: how can we effectively accelerate this shift to a new way of working in agricultural science? As well as identifying key research areas, we suggest organisational changes will be required: new research business models, agile project management; new skills and capabilities; and collaborations with new partners to develop 'technology ecosystems'. © 2018 The Authors. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Agriculture/methods , Digital Technology , Food Supply/economics , Agriculture/economics , Agriculture/instrumentation , Agriculture/trends , Computer Systems , Decision Making , Digital Technology/economics , Digital Technology/instrumentation , HumansSubject(s)
Crowns , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dentistry, Operative , Laboratories, Dental , Models, Dental , Calcium Sulfate/chemistry , Dental Articulators , Dental Casting Investment/chemistry , Dental Casting Technique , Dental Impression Materials/chemistry , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Dental Materials/chemistry , HumansABSTRACT
Making routine perfect impressions is the goal of any restorative dentist. Using dual-arch trays is an easy, repeatable way to accomplish that goal, as long as each step is done before the next and each step is performed perfectly. This column reviewed several articles that support the metal dual-arch concept and provided some clinical tips that might help restorative dentists. The dual-arch technique does have its limits and is meant for one or two teeth in a quadrant when there are other teeth to occlude with. Also, if the case involves anterior guidance, a full-arch impression maybe advisable.
Subject(s)
Dental Impression Materials , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Metals , PlasticsSubject(s)
Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Denture Design , Denture, Complete, Lower , Aged , Dental Implant-Abutment Design , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/instrumentation , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Dental Impression Technique , Denture Bases , Denture Retention , Female , Humans , Mandible/surgery , Osseointegration/physiology , Surface PropertiesSubject(s)
Composite Resins/chemistry , Crowns , Decision Making , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent/classification , Dental Veneers , Cuspid/pathology , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Restoration Failure , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Incisor/pathology , Retreatment , Standard of CareSubject(s)
Dental Prosthesis , Esthetics, Dental , Orthodontics, Corrective , Adolescent , Anodontia/rehabilitation , Crowns , Dental Abutments , Dental Implants , Dental Prosthesis Design , Denture Design , Denture, Partial , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Orthodontic Extrusion , Post and Core Technique , Root Canal Therapy , Tooth Movement TechniquesSubject(s)
Cementation/methods , Decision Making , Dental Implants , Dental Prosthesis Retention , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Composite Resins/chemistry , Crowns , Dental Abutments , Dental Cements/adverse effects , Dental Cements/chemistry , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Occlusion , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Repair , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Peri-Implantitis/etiology , Surface PropertiesSubject(s)
Crowns , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Gingival Hyperplasia/chemically induced , Gingival Retraction Techniques/instrumentation , Matrix Bands , Tooth Fractures/therapy , Aged , Aortic Aneurysm/drug therapy , Calcium Channel Blockers/adverse effects , Copper , Gingival Hyperplasia/complications , Humans , Male , Molar/injuries , Tooth Fractures/complicationsSubject(s)
Dental Enamel/abnormalities , Dental Porcelain , Dental Veneers , Incisor/abnormalities , Adolescent , Carbamide Peroxide , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Temporary/methods , Female , Humans , Peroxides/therapeutic use , Prosthesis Coloring , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Tooth Bleaching Agents/therapeutic use , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Urea/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Dental Porcelain , Dental Prosthesis Repair , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Implantation, Endosseous , Dental Implants , Dental Occlusion , Dental Restoration Wear , Denture Design , Humans , Male , Mandible/surgery , Maxilla/surgery , Middle Aged , Patient Care Planning , RetreatmentSubject(s)
Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Design , Gingival Recession/therapy , Prosthesis Coloring , Tooth Cervix , Tooth, Artificial , Adult , Crowns , Dental Implants, Single-Tooth , Dental Porcelain/therapeutic use , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Restoration, Permanent/instrumentation , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Incisor , Male , Maxilla , Periodontal ProsthesisABSTRACT
Cast gold is by far the longest lasting dental material available. However, cast gold has been used less frequently for intracoronal restorations since the "esthetic revolution" of the early 1970s. As a result, more direct composites and tooth-colored inlays, onlays, and crowns are being placed with each having problems of sensitivity, secondary caries, fracture, increased wear. The author recommends that dentists obtain some exposure to intracoronal cast gold techniques so that they can determine which type of restoration is most appropriate for their patients.
Subject(s)
Gold Alloys , Inlays/methods , Cementation/methods , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Cavity Preparation/methods , Dental Impression Technique , Dental Polishing/methods , Dental Prosthesis Retention/methods , Gold Alloys/chemistry , HumansABSTRACT
A multitude of decisions must be made when performing restorative dentistry, particularly full-arch restorative dentistry. The likelihood of making the correct decision can be improved if the dentist attends appropriate high-quality continuing education, reads refereed literature, works with an experienced mentor, and has some personal experience with this type of dentistry. Consulting with a laboratory technician and a periodontist (or other specialist) before beginning a full-arch case may help as well. Finding one's "comfort zone" and staying within that zone will benefit both the patient and the dentist; a dentist who feels uncomfortable attempting a procedure (particularly one beyond his or her capability) should refer the patient to a specialist. Full-arch dentistry can be very rewarding in many ways (Fig. 10-12), but it also can be quite the opposite if the wrong decisions are made at any stage of the process.