[The significance of cervical spine radiology in children with Down syndrome]. / Znaczenie zdjec RTG odcinka szyjnego kregoslupa u dzieci z zespolem Downa.

An analysis of lateral radiographs of cervical spine in 31 children with Down Syndrome revealed 8 cases (25%) of substantial anomalies (anterior subluxation of the apical vertebrae in 3 cases and C1 laminar hypoplasia in 5 cases). The analysis outcome supported by the literature indicates screening for cervical spine anomalies in these patients, especially if participation in competitive sports is considered.

[Pedicular-process and laminar-process pseudoarthroses in computed tomography and their clinical significance]. / Stawy rzekome wyrostkowo-lukowe i wyrostkowo-nasadowe w badaniu KT i ich znaczenie kliniczne.

CT has been performed in 7 patients with process-pedicular and process-laminar pseudoarthroses present on the radiographs. CT analysis showed pseudo-acetabular area within the lamina protruding into the spinal canal thus producing stenosis. Pseudo-acetabulum within the pedicle decreased the volume of the lateral recess. Both phenomena gain clinical significance in case of primarily narrow spinal canal or combined with secondary stenosis. They were found in 5 patients; in 2 cases the changes were unilateral due to the unequal length of articular processes.

[Radiographic diagnosis of sacral meningeal cysts]. / Rentgenodiagnostyka oponowych torbieli wewnatrzkrzyzowych.

The aim of this study was to establish the incidence and morphological variety of sacral meningeal cysts as well as proposing diagnostic algorithm in dubious cases. A series of 1800 radicular-radiographies has been retrospectively analysed and 17 cases of a terminal cistern enlargement have been found (0.94%). Three types of cysts have emerged depending on its communication with the cerebral fluid reservoir. Two cases have illustrated the suggestion of performing CT scan instead of epidural administration of the contrast agent in case of suspected pathological mass within sacral spinal canal.

[Ultrasonography--selective use for diagnosis in spine pathology]. / Ultrasonografia--selektywne zastosowanie w patologii kregoslupa.

A series of 5 patients diagnosed with a meaningful influence of ultrasound has been presented. In 2 cases the changes within iliopsoas muscle were found, sacral anterior meningocele, neoplastic infiltration of the great retro-perineal vessels from the fourth lumbar vertebral body metastasis and neurofibromatosis of cervical spinal canal were diagnosed in the remaining cases.

[Ultrasound diagnostics of the spine]. / Diagnostyka sonograficzna kregoslupa.

A short delineation of contemporary ultrasound applications, its possibilities and limitations in diagnostics of the spine and related structures is presented. Ultrasound has an established position in diagnosing fetal spinal defects and dysraphic syndromes especially in children. It is also an important method of intraoperative imaging. Ultrasound can be used in diagnosing sciatica and in identification of pathological spondylosis cisterns.

[Developmental anomalies of the cranio-cervical region]. / Anomalie rozwojowe pogranicza czaszkowo-szyjnego.

The paper presents in compact form some anomalies of craniovertebral region; 77 cases of minor and 30 cases of major anomalies were reported. The aim of this paper is to indicate morphological heterogeneity of these anomalies and necessity of differentiation in cases of cranio-cervical injuries.

[Attempts at hierarchic classification of radio-morphologic changes of the lumbar spine in screening examinations]. / Próba hierarchizacji zmian radiomorfologicznych kregoslupa ledzwiowego w badaniach przesiewowych.

An objective evaluation of condition of the spine in candidates for study and employment in continuous and excessive loading of the lumbar spine is difficult because of the lack of suitable criteria classifying pathomorphological changes found on X-ray examination. In order to fill this gap, the authors analyzed 85 X-ray pictures of the lumbar spine of candidates within the preliminary screening examinations. A 5-points-scale considering the clinical value of individual deviations in lumbar spine structure was accepted. On the basis of that research the groups of the examined were determined: able to physical work (0-3 points), admitted on condition (4 points) and disqualified (5 points and over). On the basis of this model 57.6 per cent of the candidates were disqualified and only 25.9 per cent were admitted to study and work with no conditions.

[Contemporary methods of imaging injuries of the spine and spinal cord]. / Wspólczesne metody obrazowania uszkodzen kregoslupa i rdzenia kregowego.

A review of current methods of visualization of injuries of the axial organ on the basis of the literature from the last decade, including also the author's own experience, has been done. The techniques of visualization accessible in Poland have been discussed more widely.

[Spondylolisthesis of L5 and retrospondylolisthesis of L4]. / Kregozmyk L5 a tylozmyk L4.

A group of 106 cases of I. isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5 was divided into two subgroups: "A", without retrospondylolisthesis(n = 51) and "B", with retrospondylolisthesis of L4 (n = 55). A spondylometric analysis took into account the line of static loading, lumbar lordosis, the Fergusson's angle, the angles of the L4L5 and L5S1 intervertebral disks, and their heights. The measurements showed that a statistically significant difference occurs in the medium values of incidence of the line of static loading. It would confirm the thesis about the compensatory character of the position in retrospondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra in consequence of disturbances of statics caused by isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5. Furthermore, this interdependence occurring in 52 per cent of the cases manifests possibility of complications caused by instability in the segment above spondylolisthesis.