Robotic versus Laparoscopic Liver Resections for Colorectal Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the liver is the most common localization of metastatic disease. The incidence of minimally invasive liver surgery is increasing, and robotic surgery (RLR) is believed to overcome some limitations of a laparoscopic approach (LRL). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of operative and short-term oncologic outcomes of the laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. An online search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases was performed. Eight studies involving 3210 patients were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. In the LRL group, a higher conversion to open rate (12.4%) was observed compared to the RLR (6.7%; p = <0.001). 30-day mortality was 0.7% for the LRL group compared to 0.5% for the RLR group (p = 0.76). Mortality in longer periods among LLR and RLR amounted to 18.2% vs. 8.0% for 1-year mortality (p = 0.07), 34.1% vs. 26.7% for 2-year mortality (p = 0.13), and 52.3% vs. 48.3% for 3-year mortality (p = 0.46). The length of hospital stay was 5.6 ± 2.5 vs. 5.8 ± 2.1 days, respectively (p = 0.47). There were no significant differences between the incidence of individual complications in the LRL and RLR groups (p = 0.78). Laparoscopic or robotic approaches for colorectal liver metastases are comparable in terms of safety and effectiveness. There are significant advantages to robotic surgery, although there is still no long-term evidence concerning overall survival, and the number of patients operated on using RLR remains small.

Emergency medical team interventions in Poland during out-of-hospital deliveries: A retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Emergency medical teams are a crucial component of healthcare systems, routinely providing essential care to pregnant patients in various situations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the rate and outcomes of out-of-hospital deliveries attended by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Poland and identify areas for improvement in the care provided by emergency medical teams. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was based on 41,335 EMS emergency calls to women in advanced pregnancy, of which 879 births were delivered directly by medical teams between January 2018 and December 2022. Data were obtained from the Polish National Monitoring Center for Emergency Medical Services, encompassing all EMS interventions in Poland. RESULTS: The study involved 879 EMS team interventions for pregnant women, with an average patient age of 29.87 years. Most patients were in their 2nd pregnancy (28.26%) and delivering for the 2nd time (25.77%). The postnatal condition of newborns, assessed using the Apgar score, was missing in 408 cases (46.52%) due to incorrect completion of documentation. Emergency Medical Services teams, predominantly P-type (basic) teams, handled 69.78% of deliveries, while S-type (specialist) teams were involved in 30.22% of cases. Medical procedures often performed during childbirth included manual assistance in spontaneous delivery, pulse oximetry, physical examination, examination of systemic blood pressure, obtaining peripheral intravenous access, and gynecological examination. CONCLUSIONS: Given the rate of encountered cases and the gaps identified in medical documentation, there is merit in potentially implementing a dedicated form to be completed by medical teams when caring for a pregnant patient. Ongoing training and enhancements in the range of assistance provided to the mother and newborn are imperative for ensuring appropriate care.

EMS Interventions during Planned Out-of-Hospital Births with a Midwife: A Retrospective Analysis over Four Years in the Polish Population.

Planned out-of-hospital births, facilitated by highly skilled and experienced midwives, offer expectant parents a distinct opportunity to partake in a personalized, intimate, and empowering birth experience. Many parents opt for the care provided by midwives who specialize in supporting home births. This retrospective study is based on 41,335 EMS emergency calls to women in advanced pregnancy, of which 209 concerned home birth situations documenting obstetrical emergencies over four years (January 2018 to December 2022), of which 60 involved the assistance of a midwife. Data were obtained from the Polish Central System for Emergency Medical Services Missions Monitoring, encompassing all EMS interventions in pregnant women. The most frequent reason for emergency calls for obstetrical emergencies with the assistance of a midwife was a failure to separate the placenta or incomplete afterbirth (18 cases; 30%), followed by perinatal haemorrhage (12 cases; 20%) and deterioration of the newborn's condition (8 cases; 13%). Paramedic-staffed EMS teams conducted most interventions (43 cases; 72%), with only 17 (28%) involving the presence of a physician. Paramedics with extensive medical training and the ability to provide emergency care are in a unique position that allows them to play a pivotal role in supporting planned out-of-hospital births. The analysed data from 2018-2022 show that EMS deliveries in Poland are infrequent and typically uncomplicated. Continuing education, training, and adequate funding are required to ensure the EMS is ready to provide the best care. EMS medical records forms should be adapted to the specific aspects of care for pregnant patients and newborns.

Sex-related differences in the impact of nutritional status on length of hospital stay in atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Nutritional status is related to the length of hospitalization of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic impact of nutritional status and body mass index on length of hospital stay (LOHS) among patients with AF relative to their sex. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 1,342 patients admitted urgently with a diagnosis of AF (ICD10: I48) to the Cardiology Department (University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland) between January 2017 and June 2021. Results: In the study group, women were significantly older than men (72.94 ± 9.56 vs. 65.11 ± 12.68, p < 0.001). In an unadjusted linear regression model, malnutrition risk was a significant independent predictor of prolonged hospitalization in men (B = 1.95, p = 0.003) but not in women. In the age-adjusted linear regression model, malnutrition risk was a significant independent predictor of prolonged hospitalization in men (B = 1.843, p = 0.005) but not in women. In the model adjusted for age and comorbidities, malnutrition risk was a significant independent predictor of prolonged hospitalization in men only (B = 1.285, p = 0.043). In none of the models was BMI score a predictor of LOHS in either sex. Conclusion: The risk of malnutrition directly predicts the length of hospital stays in men but not women. The study did not find a relationship between body mass index and length of hospital stay in both women and men.

A randomized crossover comparison of the bébé VieScope and direct laryngoscope for pediatric airway management by nurses in medical simulation settings.

BACKGROUND: Airway management in life-threatening emergencies is essential for children, and endotracheal intubation is the gold standard. It protects against regurgitation and enables mechanical ventilation. New types of airway management equipment are being developed and implemented to meet the needs of medical personnel. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized, cross-over simulation trial evaluated the success of endotracheal intubation in three scenarios: normal airway (scenario-A), tongue edema (scenario-B), and continuous chest compression (scenario-C), using the bébé Vie Scope™ laryngoscope (VieScope) and the Macintosh blade laryngoscope (MAC) as a comparative tool performed by nurses with limited tracheal intubation experience. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that in scenario-A, there were no significant differences in the first attempt success rate or endotracheal intubation time between VieScope and MAC. However, VieScope was associated with better visualization of the glottis. In scenarios B and C, VieScope was significantly more effective than MAC in terms of first-pass success rate, time to intubate, Cormack-Lehane grade, POGO score, and ease of endotracheal intubation. CONCLUSIONS: Bébé VieScope may be useful for endotracheal intubation in pediatric patients, particularly in cases of tongue edema and ongoing chest compression, providing a higher first-pass success rate than conventional laryngoscopes.

Sex-related differences in the impact of nutritional status on in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In patients with some cardiovascular disease conditions the result of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and body mass index (BMI) is related to the in-hospital mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic impact of BMI and NRS 2002 on in-hospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to sex. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was based on a retrospective analysis of 945 medical records of AMI patients admitted to the Cardiology Department between 2017 and 2019. Patients with a score NRS2002 ≥ 3 are considered to be nutritionally at risk. The WHO BMI criteria were used. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression was used to analyse the impact of quantitative variables on dichotomous outcome. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Female patients were significantly older than male patients (73.24 ± 11.81 vs 67 ± 11.81). In an unadjusted model, the risk of malnutrition was a significant predictor of the odds of in-hospital mortality only in female patients (OR = 7.51, p = 0.001). In a multivariate model adjusted by all variables, heart failure (HF) (OR = 8.408, p = 0.003) and the risk of malnutrition (OR = 6.555, p = 0.007) were independent predictors of the odds of in-hospital mortality in female patients. The only significant independent predictor of the odds of in-hospital mortality in male patients was HF (OR = 3.789 p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Only in the case of female patients with AMI, the risk of malnutrition was independently associated with the odds of in-hospital mortality. There was no effect of BMI on in-hospital mortality in both sexes.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficiency and Safety of Double-Lumen Tube and Bronchial Blocker for One-Lung Ventilation.

One-lung ventilation is also used in some thoracic or cardiac surgery, vascular surgery and oesophageal procedures. We conducted a search of the literature for relevant studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library. The final literature search was performed on 10 December 2022. Primary outcomes included the quality of lung collapse. Secondary outcome measures included: the success of the first intubation attempt, malposition rate, time for device placement, lung collapse and adverse events occurrence. Twenty-five studies with 1636 patients were included. Excellent lung collapse among DLT and BB groups was 72.4% vs. 73.4%, respectively (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 0.84 to 1.72; p = 0.31). The malposition rate was 25.3% vs. 31.9%, respectively (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.49 to 0.88; p = 0.004). The use of DLT compared to BB was associated with a higher risk of hypoxemia (13.5% vs. 6.0%, respectively; OR = 2.27; 95%CI: 1.14 to 4.49; p = 0.02), hoarseness (25.2% vs. 13.0%; OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.39 to 3.82; p = 0.001), sore throat (40.3% vs. 23.3%; OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.68 to 3.14; p < 0.001), and bronchus/carina injuries (23.2% vs. 8.4%; OR = 3.45; 95%CI: 1.43 to 8.31; p = 0.006). The studies conducted so far on comparing DLT and BB are ambiguous. In the DLT compared to the BB group, the malposition rate was statistically significantly lower, and time to tube placement and lung collapse was shorter. However, the use of DLT compared to BB can be associated with a higher risk of hypoxemia, hoarseness, sore throat and bronchus/carina injuries. Multicenter randomized trials on larger groups of patients are needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the superiority of any of these devices.

Impact of VieScope® on first-attempt success during simulated COVID-19 patients intubation: A randomized cross-over simulation trial.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy of intubation with VieScope® and Macintosh laryngoscope in different scenarios of simulated COVID-19 patients by paramedics wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol gener-ating procedures (AGPs). METHODS: Study was designed as a prospective, observational, randomized, crossover simulation trial. 37 paramedics took part in the study. They performed endotracheal intubation (ETI) of a person suspected of COVID-19. Intubation was performed using VieS-cope® and Macintosh laryngoscopes in two research scenarios: Scenario A - normal airway and Scenario B - difficult airway. Both the order of participants and the methods of intubation were random. RESULTS: In Scenario A, time to intubation using VieScope® and Macintosh laryngoscope amounted to 35.3 (IQR; 32-40) seconds and 35.8 (IQR: 30-40)s, respectively. Nearly all participants performed ETI successfully both with VieScope® and Macintosh laryngo-scope (100% vs. 94.6%). In scenario B, intubation with the VieScope®, compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope, was associated with a shorter intubation time (p<0.001), a higher success rate of the first intubation attempt (p<0.001), a better visualization degree glottis (p=0.012) and ease of intubation (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that the use of a VieScope® compared to Macintosh laryngoscope in difficult airway intuba-tion performed by paramedics wearing PPE-AGP is associated with shorter intubation times, greater intubation efficiency as well as better visualization of the glottis. Additional clinical trials are necessary to confirm the obtained results.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic, required the donning of personal protective equipment during clinical contact, and continues to be a significant worldwide public health concern. Pediatric cardiac arrest is a rare but critical condition with a high mortality rate, the outcomes of which may be negatively affected by donning personal protective equipment. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric cardiac arrest outcomes. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from their inception to 1 October 2022. We included studies published in English on pediatric patients with cardiac arrest, dichotomized by the pre- and during-COVID-19 periods and then stratified by COVID-19 positive or negative status, to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with cardiac arrest. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. In witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, there were no differences between the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods for witnessed cardiac arrest (28.5% vs. 28.7%; odds ratio (OR) = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87 to 1.14; p = 0.93), administration of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (61.5 vs. 63.6%; OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.98 to 1.26; p = 0.11), bystander automated external defibrillator use (both 2.8%; OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.69 to 1.45; p = 0.99), return of spontaneous circulation(8.4 vs. 8.9%; OR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.47 to 1.88; p = 0.85), survival to hospital admission (9.0 vs. 10.2%, OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.45 to 1.44; p = 0.47), or survival to hospital discharge (13.4 vs. 12.4%; OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.22 to 1.72; p = 0.35). COVID-19 did not change pediatric cardiac arrest bystander interventions or outcomes.

Meta-analysis of chest compression-only versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for adult with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND: According to the guidelines of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) conducted by bystanders, two methods of CPR are feasible: standard CPR (sCPR) with mouth-to-mouth ventilations and continuous chest compression-only CPR (CCC) without rescue breathing. The goal herein, was to evaluate the effect of sCPR (30:2) and CCC on resuscitation outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. METHODS: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using standardized criteria, Pub- Med, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane Collaboration were searched for trials assessing the effect of sCPR vs. CCC on resuscitation outcomes after adult OHCA. Random-effects model meta-analysis was applied to calculate the mean deviation (MD), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Overall, 3 randomized controlled trials and 12 non-randomized trials met the inclusion criteria. Survival to hospital discharge with sCPR was 10.2% compared to 9.3% in the CCC group (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93-1.16; p = 0.46). Survival to hospital discharge with good neurological outcome measured with the cerebral performance category (CPC 1 or 2) was 6.5% for sCPR vs. 5.8% for CCC (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.84-1.20; p = 0.98). Prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in sCPR and CCC groups was 15.9% and 14.8%, respectively (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.91-1.39; p = 0.26). Survival to hospital admission with ROSC occurred in 29.5% of the sCPR group compared to 28.4% in CCC group (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.89-1.63; p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that there were no significant differences in the resuscitation outcomes between the use of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation and chest compression only.

A Comparison of the bébé VieScope™ and Direct Laryngoscope for Use While Wearing PPE-AGP: A Randomized Crossover Simulation Trial.

This study aimed to compare the intubation effectiveness of the bébé Vie Scope™ (VieScope) and direct laryngoscopy for emergency intubation in a pediatric manikin model performed by paramedics with and without personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures (PPE-AGP). Participants performed endotracheal intubation using VieScope and standard Macintosh laryngoscope (MAC) in two research scenarios: (1) without PPE-AGP, and (2) with PPE-AGP. Fifty-one paramedics without any previous experience with the VieScope participated in this study. In the PPE-AGP scenario, in the VieScope group, the percentage of successful tracheal intubation on the first attempt was higher compared to the MAC group (94.1 vs. 78.4%, p = 0.031), intubation time was shorter (29.8 vs. 33.9 s, p < 0.001), and percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score was higher 91.0 vs 77.8 (p < 0.001). On the Cormack−Lehane scale, intubation with VieScope intubation was associated with higher scores rated at 1 (64.7 vs. 29.4%) than in the MAC group (p = 0.001). For intubation in the non-PPE scenario, there were no statistically significant differences between VieScope and MAC in relation to above parameters. Summarize, the bébé VieScope™ under PPE-AGP wearing conditions has proven to be a useful device for airway management in children providing better visualization of the larynx, better intubation conditions, and a higher success rate of tracheal intubation on the first attempt and reduced intubation time compared to the standard Macintosh laryngoscope.

Opioid-Free Anaesthesia Effectiveness in Thoracic Surgery-Objective Measurement with a Skin Conductance Algesimeter: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Chest surgery is associated with significant pain, and potent opioid medications are the primary medications used for pain relief. Opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) combined with regional anaesthesia is promoted as an alternative in patients with an opioid contraindication. METHODS: Objective: To assess the efficacy of OFA combined with a paravertebral block in pain treatment during video-assisted thoracic surgery. DESIGN: A randomized, open-label study. SETTING: A single university hospital between December 2015 and March 2018. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-six patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracic surgery were randomized into two groups. Of these, 16 were subsequently excluded from the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: OFA combined with a paravertebral block with 0.5% bupivacaine in the OFA group; typical general anaesthesia with opioids in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraoperative nociceptive intensity measured with a skin conductance algesimeter (SCA) and traditional intraoperative monitoring. RESULTS: Higher mean blood pressure was observed in the control group before induction and during intubation (p = 0.0189 and p = 0.0095). During chest opening and pleural drainage, higher SCA indications were obtained in the control group (p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0253), while in the OFA group, the SCA values were higher during intubation (p = 0.0325). SCA during surgery showed more stable values in the OFA group. Pearson analysis revealed a positive correlation between the SCA indications and mean blood pressure in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: OFA combined with a paravertebral block provides effective nociception control during video-assisted thoracic surgery and can be an alternative for general anaesthesia with opioids. OFA provides a stable nociception response during general anaesthesia, as measured by SCA.

A randomized comparison between the VivaSight double-lumen tube and standard double-lumen tube intubation in thoracic surgery patients.

Background: Thoracic surgery often demands separation of ventilation between the lungs. It is achieved with double-lumen tubes (DLTs), video double-lumen tubes (VDLTs) or bronchial blockers. We tested the hypothesis that intubation with the VivaSight double-lumen tube would be easier and faster than with a standard DLT. Methods: Seventy-one adult patients undergoing thoracic procedures that required general anaesthesia and one-lung ventilation (OLV) were enrolled in this randomized, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to procedure of intubation with a standard DLT or VDLT. The collected data included: patients' demographics, surgery information, anthropometric tests used for difficult intubation prediction, specifics of intubation procedure, tube placement, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) use, lung separation, trachea temperature, and reported complications of intubation. Results: For DLTs compared to video-double lumen tubes, intubation time was significantly longer (125 vs. 44 s; P<0.001), intubation graded harder (P<0.05) and FOB use was more prevalent [8 (20.5%) vs. 0; P<0.05]. Conclusions: The use of VDLTs when compared with standard-double lumen tubes offers reduced intubation time and is relatively easier. Also, the reduced need for fibreoptic bronchoscopy may improve the cost-effectiveness of VDLT use. In addition, constant visualization of the airways during the procedure allows to quickly correct or even prevent the tube malposition. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04101734.

Clinical and sociodemographic profile of acute intoxications in an emergency department: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Epidemiological studies about acute poisoning are useful for developing clinical toxicology, especially those carried out in hospital emergency departments. We aimed to evaluate acute intoxication clinical and sociodemographic profile in South Aragon Hospital, Spain. Methods: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study. We included 442 patients treated for acute poisoning in the emergency department during the 3 years 2015-2018. In the inferential analysis, the Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare ranges. A confidence level of 95 per cent was considered in all tests. Results: The mean age was 44.1 years. 57.2% were men. Drugs of abuse were present in 243 patients (55%), drugs in 172 (38.9%), chemicals in 57 (12.9%) and three patients (0.7%) were poisoned by mushrooms. Nine different drugs of abuse, 73 drugs, 15 chemical compounds and 2 varieties of mushrooms were registered. Of the intoxicated patients, 92.3% had symptoms, 84.2% received treatment and 78.7% were discharged from the emergency department. Conclusions: We obtain a clear clinical and sociodemographic profile of intoxicated patients who come to the emergency department; the five toxins that cause most acute poisoning are: alcohol, benzodiazepines, antiarrhythmics, cannabis and carbon monoxide.

Birth before arrival - is there anything to be afraid of?

Over the past centuries maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality has fallen dramatically. This is mainly due to the fact that we achieved a lot in the field of medicine in a very short amount of time. Evidence, mostly from Europe but also from US, suggested that home birth can be relatively safe provided the appropriate conditions are met. The question is "What if something goes wrong?" How to increase patient safety in the case of birth before arrival (BBA) or it may not be associated with any increased risk? Our study review nowadays available articles and describes rates, obstetrical characteristics and perinatal and maternal outcome of unplanned out-of-hospital deliveries.

Determinants of Place of Delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Internet Survey in Polish Pregnant Women.

Background and Objectives: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease, and its unpredictable outcome makes it particularly dangerous, especially for pregnant women. One of the decisions they have to make is where they will give birth. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the choice of place of delivery and the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on these factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 517 respondents from Poland. The research methods comprised the authors' own survey questionnaire distributed via the Internet from 8 to 23 June 2021. The survey was fully anonymous, voluntary, and addressed to women who gave birth during the pandemic or will give birth shortly. Results: A total of 440 (85.1%) respondents were afraid of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most frequently indicated factors were fear of complications in the newborn, fear of intrauterine fetal death, and congenital disabilities in a newborn. A total of 74 (14.3%) women considered home delivery. The main factors that discouraged the choice of home birth were the lack of professional medical care 73.1% (N = 378), the lack of anesthesia 23.6% (N = 122), and the presence of indications for caesarean section 23.4% (N = 121). The possibility of mother-child isolation caused the greatest fear about hospital delivery. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women concerned about SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to consider home delivery than those without such fears. The most important factors affecting the choice of the place of delivery included the possibility of a partner's presence, excellent sanitary conditions and optimal distance from the hospital, and the availability of epidural analgesia for delivery. Conclusions: Our study identifies the determinants of place of delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data we obtained can result in the healthcare system considering patients' needs in case of similar crisis in the future.

Diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis outlines the role of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The current study was designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Embase, Pub- Med, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify the usefulness of LDH as a marker of COVID-19 severity. All extracted data were analyzed using RevMan V.5.4 or STATA V.14 software. RESULTS: A total of 264 records were selected for this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed that LDH levels were statistically significantly lower in the group of survivors compared to patients who died in hospital (standardized mean differences [SMD] = -3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.40 to -2.79; I2 = 99%; p < 0.001). Lower LDH levels were observed in non-severe groups compared to severe course of COVID-19 (SMD = -2.38; 95% CI: -2.61 to -2.14; I2 = 99%; p < 0.001). The level of LDH was statistically significantly lower in the severe group compared to the critical group (SMD = -1.48; 95% CI: -2.04 to -0.92; I2 = 98%; p < 0.001). Patients who did not require treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) showed significantly lower levels of LDH compared to patients who required treatment in the ICU (SMD = -3.78; 95% CI: -4.48 to -3.08; I2 = 100%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that elevated LDH was associated with a poor outcome in COVID-19.

The Association between Nutritional Status and Length of Hospital Stay among Patients with Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional status is related to the prognosis and length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with hypertension (HT). This study aimed to assess how nutritional status and body mass index (BMI) affect LOS for patients with hypertension. METHOD: We performed a retrospective analysis of 586 medical records of patients who had been admitted to the Institute of Heart Diseases of the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland. RESULTS: A total of 586 individuals were included in the analysis. Individuals who were at a nutritional risk represented less than 2% of the study population, but more than 60% were overweight or obese. The mean BMI was 28.4 kg/m2 (SD: 5.16). LOS averaged 3.53 days (SD = 2.78). In the case of obese individuals, hospitalisation lasted for 3.4 ± 2.43 days, which was significantly longer than for patients of normal weight. For underweight patients, hospitalisation lasted for 5.14 ± 2.27 days, which was also significantly longer than for those in other BMI categories (p = 0.017). The independent predictors of shorter hospitalisations involved higher LDL concentration (parameter of regression: -0.015) and HDL concentration (parameter of regression: -0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that with regard to the nutritional status of hypertensive patients, being either underweight or obese was associated with longer LOS. Additional factors that related to prolonged LOS were lower LDL and HDL levels and higher CRP concentrations.