[Parameters of ocular hydrodynamics in case of major neck blood vessels compression by thyroid nodules]. / Pokazateli gidrodinamiki glaza pri kompressii magistral'nykh sosudov shei uzlovymi obrazovaniyami shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

AIM: to study aqueous humor secretion and outflow in patients, whose major blood vessels of the neck got compressed by thyroid nodules. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ocular hydrodynamics was assessed in 60 patients (119 eyes) with uni- or bilateral benign thyroid nodules compressing the major neck blood vessels. RESULTS: Most patients demonstrated a significant decrease in parameters of aqueous humor secretion and outflow. After decompression, ocular hydrodynamics usually improved reaching its normal level. CONCLUSION: Compression of the major neck blood vessels by thyroid nodules impedes drainage of the aqueous humor and serves as a risk factor of secondary phlebohypertensive glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic manifestations of Huntington's disease].

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. The whole nervous system, including visual analyzer, is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Various ocular sings can be found in both preclinical and clinical stages of HD. Specific retinal damage, namely, abnormal proteins formation, photoreceptor degeneration and retinal remodeling, has been studied in animal models. Functional changes in occipital lobe activity and its atrophy as well as degeneration of visual pathways can already be present in the early stages of the disease. Oculomotor symptoms of HD include disturbed visual fixation, slower tracking eye movements and saccades, and suppressed vestibulo-ocular reflex. Visual perceptual disorders, such as visuospatial difficulties, problems of stimulus identification and motion perception, along with decreased contrast sensitivity, have also been described. The possibility of using certain ophthalmic parameters as biomarkers of HD is being discussed.

[Comparative study of morphological corneal changes after cataract phacoemulsification using confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography].

20 corneas of patients after ultrasound cataract phacoemulsification were studied using contact polarization optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy (CM). It was concluded that results obtained using OCT and CM fairly present morphologic corneal changes after ultrasound cataract phacoemulsification. Thermal damage as a result of ultrasound exposure demonstrated as a corneal tissue shrinkage is better revealed using polarization OCT.

[Capacities of infrared teleradiopyrometry in determining the temperature of a corneal wound during cataract phacoemulsification].

Infrared teleradiopyrometry was used to determine the temperature of a corneal wound by ultrasonic extracapsular phacoemulsification (EP) on 55 eyes of patients with cataract. The data comparable with those of thermocouple measurements were obtained. The investigations showed that infrared teleradiopyrometry was a rather accurate and valid technique for determining the temperature of a corneal cut during EP; to lower thermal exposure of the cornea, it is more efficient to carry out micropulse bimanual phacoemulsification with the ultrasonic power of not more than 40%; if a ultrasonic power more than 50-60 is needed, it is more rational to use a flash mode.

[The first results of cataract phacoemulsification made by bimanual technique].

The results of 112 operations of bimanual ultrasound lens extraction through microincisions in cataracts of varying severity and origin are assessed in patients aged 46 to 85 years. The parameters of operation of ultrasound devices, the designs of accessory instruments (cataract hydrochoppers), and a nuclear scission procedure are considered. It is noted that this procedure is convenient in complicated cases: rigid iris and lens dislocation. The operations were observed to show a high efficiency: no postoperative astigmatism and rapid rehabilitation.

[Intraocular lens for correction of aphakia in cataract extraction through a small incision]. / Intraokuliarnaia linza dlia korrektsii afakii pri ékstraktsii katarakty cherez malyi razrez.

The purpose of this study was to create an intraocular lens (IOL) reliably fixed in the capsular sac and convenient for implantation through a tunnel incision. Our design consists from a biconcave lens 5 mm in diameter and 2 vis-a-vis C-shaped open haptic elements at an angle of 110 degrees to the optic component. The total diameter of IOL is 12 mm. The lens is made from rigid material (oligocarbonate methacrylate). IOLs of this design were implanted in 164 eyes. No complications were recorded. The studies indicate that this design ensures good mobility and elasticity of the supporting elements of the lens at the site of their bending and connection to the optic part. This results in even and most complete filling of the capsular sac equator with supporting elements and the maximal retraction of the sac, which creates conditions for reliable fixation of IOL, prevents development of fibrous changes, decentration and dislocation in the postoperative period.

[Role of metabolic vitreous alkalosis and redox processes in pathogenesis of senile macular degeneration]. / Metabolicheskii alkaloz steklovidnogo tela kak faktor patogeneza senil'noi makuliarnoi degeneratsii.

Studies of acid-base balance (pH-metry) of the vitreous in 32 patients with senile macular degenerations and theoretical studies showed an important role of redox processes in the pathogenesis of senile macular degeneration, namely, intensification of free-radical oxidation, leading to metabolic alkalosis of the vitreous.