Restorative Education, Reconciliation, and Healing: Indigenous Perspectives on Decolonizing Leadership Education.

This chapter summarizes the complex history of colonization of the Indigenous peoples of what is now the United States from the perspective of leadership education. The authors review the dilemmas and challenges of bridging fundamental cultural differences regarding leadership education and concrete steps toward decolonizing leadership education.

Quality of eating disorders websites: what adolescents and their families need to know.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the accessibility and content quality of eating disorder websites. METHODS: A descriptive, exploratory study using four search engines and seven search terms was conducted to identify and evaluate the accuracy of eating disorder information available on consumer oriented websites. FINDINGS: One hundred fifteen (82.1%) websites were accessed. Few sites fully described the DSM diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (13.2%), bulimia nervosa (15.8%), eating disorder not otherwise specified (6.9%), and binge eating disorder (8%), as well as associated treatment options. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that eating disorder websites do not adequately address diagnostic criteria or treatment options.

Validity and utility of the current definition of binge eating.

OBJECTIVE: Binge eating, a cardinal symptom of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), continues to pose challenges in terms of its definition and thus construct validity and clinical utility. This article reviews the available empirical data that support or refute the current DSM-IV-TR defined characteristics of a binge episode. METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline/PubMed electronic database on DSM-IV-TR defined binge characteristics and associated attributes. RESULTS: Data support the current DSM guidelines indicating that binge episodes typically occur in less than 2 h. Size of binge episodes has variability across BN and BED diagnostic groups. Loss of control (LOC) continues to be a core feature of binge eating. Negative affect is the most widely reported antecedent. Strikingly, little is known about binge episodes among individuals with anorexia nervosa-binge/purge subtype. DISCUSSION: Available empirical evidence supports the current DSM duration and LOC attributes of a binge episode in BN and BED. However, a more controversial issues is the extent to which size is important in the definition of a binge episode (e.g., subjective vs. objective episodes) across diagnostic categories and the extent to which binge size informs prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Further study of binge eating attributes in AN is needed.

Psychopharmacologic first-line strategies in the treatment of major depression and psychosis: a survey of advanced practice nurses.

BACKGROUND: Developments in psychopharmacology have led to a broad range of medication choices for prescribing clinicians. Although there have been advances in drug development, less is known about the prescribing strategies used by psychiatric-mental health advanced practice nurses or the extent to which these practices reflect existing practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prescribing practices of advanced practice nurses attending a psychopharmacology continuing education program. Participants were surveyed about (a) first-line strategies for the treatment of major depression and first-episode psychosis and (b) choices for managing insomnia and the side effect of weight gain. STUDY DESIGN: Participants completed an onsite questionnaire regarding advanced practice characteristics and management of specific clinical situations. RESULTS: The majority of prescribing advanced practice nurses surveyed were psychiatric-mental health specialists. Approximately two thirds (65.9%) of the advanced practice nurses prescribed psychotropic medications, most often for depression. First-choice agents for depression and first-episode psychosis were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (97.3%) and atypical antipsychotics (93.9%), respectively. Interventions for insomnia and medication-related weight gain were more varied. CONCLUSIONS: For the advanced practice nurses surveyed, first-line strategies for depression and first-episode psychosis appear consistent with literature and practice guidelines. Future studies and educational offerings would benefit from addressing dosing and switching strategies and optimizing approaches for managing side effects. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc , 2008; 14(2), 144-151. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308316124.

Amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa: a review of the evidence and implications for practice.

Amenorrhea is currently a criterion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text rev. [DSM-IV-TR]) for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN). Recently, there has been increased interest in examining the utility of this criterion. This article reviews the historical rationale for inclusion of amenorrhea in the DSM criteria for AN, clinical evidence evaluating amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion for AN, and the nursing practice implications of amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion for AN. Data suggest there is limited support for amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion for AN. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(3), 209-215. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308320288.