ABSTRACT
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder in which patients experience sudden onset of swelling in various locations of the body. HAE is associated with uncontrolled plasma kallikrein (PKa) enzyme activity and generation of the potent inflammatory mediator, bradykinin, resulting in episodic attacks of angioedema. Herein, we disclose the discovery and optimization of novel small molecule PKa inhibitors. Starting from molecules containing highly basic P1 groups, which typically bind to an aspartic acid residue (Asp189) in the serine protease S1 pocket, we identified novel P1 binding groups likely to have greater potential for oral-drug-like properties. The optimization of P4 and the central core together with the particularly favorable properties of 3-fluoro-4-methoxypyridine P1 led to the development of sebetralstat, a potent, selective, orally bioavailable PKa inhibitor in phase 3 for on-demand treatment of HAE attacks.
Subject(s)
Angioedemas, Hereditary , Humans , Administration, Oral , Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy , Angioedemas, Hereditary/metabolism , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Aspartic Acid , Bradykinin/metabolism , Plasma KallikreinABSTRACT
The discovery of a novel series of therapeutic agents that has been designed and optimized for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is reported. The pharmacological strategy was based on the identification of compounds that inhibit a defined subset of kinase enzymes modulating inflammatory processes that would be effective against steroid refractory disease and exhibit a sustained duration of action after inhaled delivery.
Subject(s)
Asthma/drug therapy , Drug Discovery , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein Kinases/metabolism , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Animals , Asthma/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Resistance/drug effects , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Molecular Structure , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism , Steroids/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , U937 CellsABSTRACT
A ligand-based approach to identify potential starting points for a dual MCH-1R antagonist/DPPIV inhibitor medicinal chemistry program was undertaken. Potential ligand pairs were identified by analysis of MCH-1R and DPPIV in vitro data. A highly targeted synthetic effort lead to the discovery of pyridone 11, a dual MCH-1R antagonist/DPPIV inhibitor with selectivity over DPP8 and DPP9.
