Educational Case: Membranous Nephropathy.

The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040.

Nutrition Information In Community Newspapers: Goal Framing, Story Origins, and Topics.

Obesity rates are high in the rural United States. Because small communities often have few health care practitioners, nutrition news in community newspapers may be a useful source of information. This content analysis of a random sample of 164 nutrition stories from 10 community newspapers in the rural West North Central Midwest was guided by concepts from goal-framing theory. Locally generated stories comprised nearly half of the sample, suggesting that nutrition is a salient topic in many rural communities. Hedonic frames related to food enjoyment were twice as frequent as health improvement frames. Results suggest food promotion was the most common topic of nutrition stories, with guidelines for a healthy diet appearing about half as often. Stories about a healthy diet and food promotion were most often written locally. Findings are discussed with recommendations for improvement of community news coverage of nutrition.

SPECT-negative SIRPIDs: less aggressive neurointensive care?

INTRODUCTION: The management of EEG patterns in comatose intensive care unit patients remains poorly studied regarding whether aggressive management improves outcomes. We hypothesized that stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) could be classified as ictal and interictal using single-photon emission computerized tomographic (SPECT) imaging to help guide aggressive or deescalate anticonvulsant management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all cases of ICU patients at a single center, tertiary care academic center for evidence of SIRPIDs with concomitant SPECT imaging over a one year period. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2012, we retrospectively identified 2 of 235 intensive care unit EEGs-completed patients (both 20 minutes and continuous EEG), who had SIRPIDs who subsequently underwent SPECT imaging. Both patients were female, one aged 63 years who had aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and large intraparenchymal hematoma and the other aged 67 years who sustained a cardiac arrest. Continuous EEG in both demonstrated stimulation-provoked SIRPIDs within 6 to 8 days of hospitalization. A SPECT scan using technetium-hexamethylporpyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) performed during stimulation induced SIRPIDs on EEG, followed by a SPECT scan without SIRPIDs on EEG. In both patients, regional cerebral hyperperfusion was not present between the two SPECT scans. The absence of hyperperfusion on either scan and subtracted SPECT imaging helped reduce aggressive anticonvulsant use, infusion of propofol, or additional antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Single-photon emission computerized tomographic scan-negative SIRPIDs may supplement the EEG and modify aggressive therapies, but larger outcome-based studies are needed.

True- true- unrelated? A delayed onset, complete third-nerve palsy after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A 61-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with painless diplopia, left-ptosis, and left downward gaze, 3 days after sustaining a fall from standing height with subsequent lumbar and head trauma. Prior to the ED consult, his only symptom was persistent generalized high intensity headache. On physical examination, no other neurological deficit was found. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed Fisher 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Cerebral angiogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were negative. Screening for possible secondary causes of isolated third-nerve palsy (TNP) were all negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a traumatic SAH with delayed onset of an isolated complete TNP as its manifestation. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST/DISCLOSURES: None pertinent to this research. AUTHOR JUSTIFICATIONS: All authors have provided original or professional content and were involved in the clinical care of the patient. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS: CNcranial nerveDSAdigital subtraction angiogramGCSGlasgow Coma ScalePCOMposterior communicating arterySAHsubarachnoid hemorrhageTNPthird nerve palsytSAHtraumatic SAH.