ABSTRACT
Primary synovial chondromatosis is a benign neoplastic process, occurring mostly in large joints, more rarely in tendon sheaths, and extremely uncommonly in bursae. We describe a patient with primary synovial chondromatosis arising in the fourth intermetatarsal bursa. Knowledge of the bursal anatomy of the forefoot, and of characteristic imaging findings and the pathogenesis of synovial chondromatosis, is essential in including this uncommon entity in the differential when occurring in unusual locations.
Subject(s)
Chondromatosis, Synovial/diagnostic imaging , Toes , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is an important fetal midline forebrain landmark, and its absence often signifies additional underlying malformations. Frequently detected by prenatal sonography, absence of the CSP requires further imaging with pre- or postnatal MRI to characterize the accompanying abnormalities. This article reviews the developmental anatomy of the CSP and the pivotal role of commissurization in normal development. An understanding of the patterns of commissural abnormalities associated with absence of the CSP can lead to improved characterization of the underlying spectrum of pathology.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging , Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology , Septum Pellucidum/abnormalities , Septum Pellucidum/embryology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Septum Pellucidum/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
Transcatheter embolization of renal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a minimally invasive procedure that, in some occasions, can replace surgery and potentially save the kidney. The embolization techniques for the renal AVFs have evolved considerably with the availability of newer hardwares. Still, the risk of inadvertent migration of the embolization materials to the pulmonary circulation is a concern. This article describes a novel technique of coiling the feeding segmental artery to a large high-flow renal AVF using 035â³ and 018â³ detachable coils only, and briefly reviews the previously described strategies to safely embolize renal AVFs.
