Optimization of upstream particle concentration from flow using AC electro-osmosis and dielectrophoresis.

There are many applications where upstream sample processing is required to concentrate dispersed particles in flow; this may be to increase the concentration (e.g., to enhance biosensor accuracy) or to decrease it (e.g., by removing contaminants from flow). The AC electrokinetic phenomenon, dielectrophoresis (DEP), has been used widely for particle trapping for flow, but the magnitude of the force drops reduces rapidly with distance from electrode edges, so that nm-scale particles such as viruses and bacteria are only trapped when near the electrode surface. This limits the usable flow rate in the device and can render the final device unusable for practical applications. Conversely, another electrokinetic phenomenon, AC electro-osmosis (ACEO), can be used to move particles to electrode surfaces but is unable to trap them from flow, limiting their ability for sample cleanup or trap-and-purge concentration. In this paper, we describe the optimization of ACEO electrodes aligned parallel to pressure-driven flow as a precursor/preconditioner to capture particles from a flow stream and concentrate them adjacent to the channel wall to enhance DEP capture. This is shown to be effective at flow rates of up to 0.84 ml min-1. Furthermore, the analysis of the 3D flow structure in the ACEO device by both simulation and confocal microscopy suggests that while the system offers significant benefits, the flow structure in the volume near the channel lid is such that while substantial trapping can occur, particles in this part of the chamber cannot be trapped, independent of the chamber height.

Fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em idosos: Uma revisão integrativa / Factors associated with anxiety and depression in the elderly: An integrative review

Objetivo: Conhecer os fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em pessoas idosas. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem qualitativa do tipo revisão integrativa. Tendo como bases de dados as plataformas Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciElo), Google Acadêmico entre outros, incluindo artigos entre 2012 a 2022. Resultados: Foram selecionados para este estudo sete artigos que se adequavam a temática e posterior ao filtro dos critérios de inclusão, todos os artigos tinham uma abordagem quantitativa e a grande maioria era descritiva, os artigos citaram como fatores associados à depressão e ansiedade o sexo, a idade e estado civil. Conclusão: A literatura é vasta quando trata a respeito de depressão, porém ainda escassa quando se trata de ansiedade. Compreendeu-se, que os sentimentos e fatores relacionados à ansiedade e depressão, assim como a importância de uma equipe apta a lidar com as questões relacionadas à saúde mental de idosos é fundamental.(AU)

Objective: To know the factors associated with anxiety and depression in the elderly. Method: descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach of the integrative review type. Using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo) and Google Scholar platforms as databases, including articles from 2012 to 2022. Results: Seven articles were selected for this study that suited the theme and after the inclusion criteria filter, all articles had a quantitative approach and the vast majority were descriptive, the articles cited sex, age and marital status as factors associated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The literature is vast when it comes to depression, but still scarce when it comes to anxiety. It was understood that the feelings and factors related to anxiety and depression, as well as the importance of a team able to deal with issues related to the mental health of the elderly, is fundamental.

Objetivo: Conocer los factores asociados a la ansiedad y depresión en el adulto mayor. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo del tipo revisión integradora. Teniendo como bases de datos la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo), Google Scholar, entre otras, incluyendo artículos entre 2012 y 2022. Resultados: Se seleccionaron para este estudio siete artículos que se adecuaban a la temática y después del filtro de los criterios de inclusión, todos los artículos tenían un enfoque cuantitativo y en su gran mayoría fueron descriptivos, los artículos citaron el sexo, la edad y el estado civil como factores asociados a la depresión y la ansiedad. Conclusión: La literatura es amplia cuando se trata de depresión, pero aún escasa cuando se trata de ansiedad. Se entendió que los sentimientos y factores relacionados con la ansiedad y la depresión, así como la importancia de un equipo capaz de tratar los problemas relacionados con la salud mental de los ancianos, es fundamental.(AU)

The effectiveness of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction in the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In-vitro studies evaluating the use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content were searched in four databases in July 2020. Two authors independently screened the studies for eligibility. Data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed. Data were meta-analyzed by using random-effects model to compare the effect of the supplementary use (experimental) or not (control) of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria counting reduction, and results from different endodontic protocols were combined. Four studies met the inclusion criteria while 1 study was excluded from the meta-analysis due to its high risk of bias and outlier data. The 3 studies that made it to the meta-analysis had an unclear risk of bias for at least one criterion. RESULTS: No heterogeneity was observed among the results of the studies included in the meta-analysis. The study excluded from the meta-analysis assessing the bacteria counting deep in the dentin demonstrated further bacteria reduction upon the use of the XP-endo Finisher. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found no evidence supporting the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on further bacteria counting the reduction in the root canal.

Canção instrutiva no cuidado de enfermagem a crianças hospitalizadas no preparo para punção venosa / Instructional song in nursing care for hospitalized children in preparation for venipuncture

Objetivo: Verificar o comportamento da criança na punção venosa com intervenção musical usando uma canção instrutiva. Método: Estudo caso-controle; incluídas crianças de 4 a 11 anos. A coleta foi realizada pela ficha sociodemográfica, abordagem com canção instrutiva apresentada ao vivo, beira leito, e avaliação da escala de observação de distresse comportamental. As variáveis foram analisadas com Teste-T de Student, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA®), versão 14,0, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A utilização da música favoreceu a diminuição da variável gritar (p=0,049). A busca por suporte emocional foi maior sem o uso da música (p=0,019). De modo geral, a canção reduziu os comportamentos concorrentes. Conclusão: A interação entre a criança e a canção repercutiu um cuidado instrucional sensível e adaptável ao mundo infantil, revelando-se uma tecnologia para a enfermagem pediátrica.

Objective: To assess children's behavior in venipuncture with musical intervention using an instructional song. Method: Case-control study including children aged between 4 and 11 years. Data collection was performed using a sociodemographic form, an instructional song approach presented live by the bedside, and assessment of the observation scale of behavioral distress. Variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact test. All analyzes were performed using the Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA®), version 14.0 with a 5% significance level. Results: The use of music favored the reduction of the screaming variable (p=0.049). The search for emotional support was greater without the use of music (p=0.019). Overall, the song reduced concurrent behaviors. Conclusion: The interaction between the child and the song reflected a sensitive and adaptable instructional care to the child's world, revealing itself as a technology for pediatric nursing.

In vitro evaluation of tooth discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic therapy and the effectiveness of the walking bleach technique.

BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the coronal discoloration induced by different materials or blood as well as the effect of internal bleaching on discoloration. METHODS: After tooth color measurement at baseline with a sphere spectrophotometer (CIE L*a*b*), the root canals of molars were partially filled with white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), or a cotton pellet with bovine blood (control) was placed into the pulp chamber. The color changes were assessed at 30, 60, and 180 days after the procedure. Following the discoloration, internal bleaching was performed with a mixture of sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide inserted into the pulp chamber, and this mixture was replaced weekly for 3 weeks. At baseline, after staining and after bleaching, the data of each color parameter were individually analyzed by one-way ANOVA, while differences in pooled color changes (∆E00) were assessed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS: After the staining period, the TAP-stained specimens were darker and greener than the other specimens, and no difference was observed between the teeth stained with blood and those stained with MTA. The walking bleach technique resulted in an improved tooth color without a difference in the color changes among the different groups. CONCLUSION: The TAP-stained specimens had the greatest tooth discoloration, and the discoloration remained the highest after the walking bleach technique. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This in vitro study demonstrated that TAP yielded higher tooth discoloration, and this color might hinder a satisfactory tooth color from being obtained with the walking bleach technique.

Conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre políticas de saúde da pessoa idosa / Knowledge of nurses on health policies for the elderly person / Conocimiento del enfermero sobre políticas de salud de la persona anciana

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre as políticas e apromoção de saúde do idoso. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizadoem cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de São Luís/MA, entre os meses de maio e setembro de 2013, quetinham equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família ativas e que atendiam um grande número de idosos, segundodados fornecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SEMUS). A produção de dados foi realizada a partirentrevistas semiestruturadas. Em seguida, foram transcritas e analisadas pela Técnica Análise temática deconteúdo. Resultados: após a análise dos discursos, emergiram duas categorias: Políticas públicas voltadaspara os idosos e Assistência de Enfermagem aos Idosos. Conclusão: há necessidade qualificação dosprofissionais da estratégia para prestarem a assistência integral ao idoso.(AU)

Objective: to describe the knowledge of Family Health Strategy nurses on policies and health promotion for the elderly. Method: a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, carried out from May to September 2013 in five Basic Health Units (BHU) in São Luis / MA, which had active Family Health Strategy teams and that attended a large number of elderly people, according to data provided by the Municipal Health Secretariat (SEMUS). Data was produced through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed by thematic content analysis. Results: after analysis of the discourses, two categories emerged: Public policies targeting the elderly and Nursing Care for the Elderly. Conclusion: there is need of training Strategy professionals to provide comprehensive care to the elderly.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el conocimiento de los enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia sobre las políticas y la promoción de salud del anciano. Método: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en cinco Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) de São Luís/MA, entre los meses de mayo y septiembre de 2013, que tenían equipos de Estrategia Salud de la Familia activas y que atendían un grande número de ancianos, según datos fornecidos por la Secretaría Municipal de Salud (SEMUS). La producción de datos fue realizada a partir entrevistas semi-estructuradas. En seguida, fueron transcriptas y analizadas por la Técnica Análisis temática de contenido. Resultados: después del análisis de los discursos, surgieron dos categorías: Políticas públicas dirigidas para los ancianos y Asistencia de Enfermería a los Ancainos. Conclusión: hay necesidad de cualificación de los profesionales de la estrategia para prestar asistencia integral al anciano.(AU)

Docência em enfermagem: avaliação da qualidade de vida / Teaching nursing: quality of life assessment / Docencia en enfermería: evaluación de la calidad de vida

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos docentes do curso de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com todos os professores do departamento de Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal. O instrumento de pesquisa foi um questionário sobre as características sociodemográficas e o WHOQOL- Bref. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa EPIINFO 7.1.3 e o Microsoft Excel 2007. A pesquisa teve aprovado o projeto pelo Comité de Ética com o parecer nº 177.563 Resultados: a autoavaliação da qualidade de vida obteve escore médio de 3,70 que corresponde à opção Boa, quanto à satisfação com a saúde, o escore médio foi de 3,60. O domínio relações sociais apresentou o maior escore médio e o mais prejudicado foi o domínio físico. Conclusão: o processo ensino-aprendizagem dos docentes interfere na Qualidade de vida, seja pela relação aluno-professor, pela questão organizacional, remuneração e condições de trabalho.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of nursing program faculty. Method: cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with all professors of the Nursing Department of a Federal University. The research instrument was a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and the WHOQOL-Bref. For data analysis, the EPIINFO 7.1.3 and Microsoft Excel 2007 were used. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee with the opinion No. 177 563 Results: self-evaluation of quality of life obtained a mean score of 3.70, which corresponds to the option Good, regarding satisfaction with health; the average score was 3.60. The social relationships domain had the highest mean score and the physical domain was the most affected. Conclusion: the professors' teaching-learning process interferes with quality of life, whether by the student-teacher relationship, by the organizational issue, by payment or working conditions.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida de los docentes del curso de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con todos los profesores del departamento de Enfermería de una Universidad Federal. El instrumento de investigación fue un cuestionario sobre las características socio-demográficas y el WHOQOL- Bref. Para análisis de los datos, fue utilizado el programa EPIINFO 7.1.3 y Microsoft Excel 2007. La investigación tuvo el proyecto aprobado por el Comité de Ética con el parecer nº 177.563 Resultados: la autoevaluación de la calidad de vida obtuvo puntuación media de 3,70 que corresponde a la opción Buena, en la satisfacción con la salud, la puntuación media fue de 3,60. El dominio relaciones sociales presentó la mayor puntuación media y el más perjudicado fue el dominio físico. Conclusión: el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de los docentes interfiere en la Calidad de vida, sea por la relación alumno-profesor, por la organización, remuneración y condiciones de trabajo.(AU)

Hippocampal and amygdala volumes according to psychosis stage and diagnosis: a magnetic resonance imaging study of chronic schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis, and ultra-high-risk individuals.

CONTEXT: Magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified hippocampal volume reductions in schizophrenia and amygdala volume enlargements in bipolar disorder, suggesting different medial temporal lobe abnormalities in these conditions. These studies have been limited by small samples and the absence of patients early in the course of illness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate hippocampal and amygdala volumes in a large sample of patients with chronic schizophrenia, patients with first-episode psychosis, and patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis compared with control subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison between patient groups and controls. SETTING: Individuals with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from a mental health rehabilitation service, and individuals with first-episode psychosis and ultra-high risk were recruited from the ORYGEN Youth Health Service. Control subjects were recruited from the community. PARTICIPANTS: The study population of 473 individuals included 89 with chronic schizophrenia, 162 with first-episode psychosis, 135 at ultra-high risk for psychosis (of whom 39 subsequently developed a psychotic illness), and 87 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hippocampal, amygdala, whole-brain, and intracranial volumes were estimated on high-resolution magnetic resonance images and compared across groups, including first-episode subgroups. We used 1- and 2-way analysis of variance designs to compare hippocampal and amygdala volumes across groups, correcting for intracranial volume and covarying for age and sex. We investigated the effects of medication and illness duration on structural volumes. RESULTS: Patients with chronic schizophrenia displayed bilateral hippocampal volume reduction. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia but not schizophreniform psychosis displayed left hippocampal volume reduction. The remaining first-episode subgroups had normal hippocampal volumes compared with controls. Amygdala volume enlargement was identified only in first-episode patients with nonschizophrenic psychoses. Patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis had normal baseline hippocampal and amygdala volumes whether or not they subsequently developed a psychotic illness. Structural volumes did not differ between patients taking atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications, and they remained unchanged when patients treated with lithium were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medial temporal structural changes are not seen until after the onset of a psychotic illness, and the pattern of structural change differs according to the type of psychosis. These findings have important implications for future neurobiological studies of psychotic disorders and emphasize the importance of longitudinal studies examining patients before and after the onset of a psychotic illness.

Nuevos métodos bacteriológicos para detectar y evitar la resistencia bacteriana / Bacteriological new methods to detect and to avoid the bacterial resistance

Una mala terapia produce deterioro de la salud del paciente, infortunadamente en algunos casos llevándole a la muerte, además ocasiona más gastos de hospitalización, más gastos innecesarios cuando se han comprado los antimicrobianos resistentes, daño de la flora intestinal, por no conocer el antimicrobiano adecuado para el tratamiento. Frecuentemente se usan antibióticos de amplio espectro y no de espectro específico como es lo ideal.

Pilot evaluation of gabapentin for treating hot flashes.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain pilot prospective data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of gabapentin for alleviating hot flashes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective single-arm clinical trial was conducted between July 26, 2001, and November 30, 2001. Patients underwent a baseline week and then 4 weeks of gabapentin treatment, with increasing doses during the first 3 weeks, from 300 to 600 to 900 mg/d. Data were obtained primarily from patient-completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Data from 20 evaluable women (of 24 entered in the trial) were available. Four patients discontinued use of gabapentin for perceived drug-related untoward symptoms, primarily related to light-headedness and dizziness. The 16 patients who completed this clinical trial had a mean reduction in hot flash frequency, in the fourth treatment week compared to the baseline week, of 66%. Their corresponding hot flash score (frequency times average severity) reduction was 70%. Additionally, patients who completed the 4 treatment weeks had a strong tendency to report an improvement in several other symptoms. CONCLUSION: Although a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial should be conducted to better elucidate the efficacy and toxicity of gabapentin in patients with hot flashes, the available data suggest that gabapentin is a reasonable treatment to consider in patients with hot flashes if they do not wish to use hormonal therapy.

The shape of 433 eros from the NEAR-shoemaker laser rangefinder

Measurements from the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR)-Shoemaker Laser Rangefinder (NLR) indicate that asteroid 433 Eros is a consolidated body with a complex shape dominated by collisions. The offset between the asteroid's center of mass and center of figure indicates a small deviation from a homogeneous internal structure that is most simply explained by variations in mechanical structure. Regional-scale relief and slope distributions show evidence for control of topography by a competent substrate. Impact crater morphology is influenced by both gravity and structural control. Small-scale topography reveals ridges and grooves that may be generated by impact-related fracturing.

Response of flexible polymers to a sudden elongational flow

Individual polymers at thermal equilibrium were exposed to an elongational flow producing a high strain rate, and their dynamics were recorded with video fluorescence microscopy. The flow was turned on suddenly so that the entire evolution of molecular conformation could be observed without initial perturbations. The rate of stretching of individual molecules is highly variable and depends on the molecular conformation that develops during stretching. This variability is due to a dependence of the dynamics on the initial, random equilibrium conformation of the polymer coil. The increasing appearance at high strain rates of slowly unraveling hairpin folds is an example of nonergodic dynamics, which can occur when a statistical mechanical system is subjected to nonadiabatic, or "sudden," external forces.

Geomorphological impact of the Flores tsunami of 12 th december, 1992

This paper presents a description of geomorphological change associated with the Flores tsunami of 12 th December 1992. Evidence for severe coastal erosion during the tsunami is indicated by extensive eroded coral boulder complexes, considerable lowering of coastal land surfaces and the formation of ephemeral cliff lines. Detailed measurement has shown that locally at least 43 m3 of sediment per metre of coastline was removed during the tsunami. Many areas of coastline were characterised by the deposition of extensive and continuous sediment sheets locally up to 1m in thickness. Farther inland, the sediment cover becomes discontinuous and generally extends as far as the limit of tsunami runup. Other futures observed include earthquake - induced coastal landslides and liquefaction phenomena and transported man-made structures by the tsunami (AU)

Estudio comparativo del agar Iso- Sensitest y el agar Mueller-Hinton / Iso- Sensitest and Mueller- Hinton agar comparative study

Se estudiaron 710 cepas bacterianas provenientes de diferentes muestras para comparar las zonas de inhibición de los diámetros obtenidos en agar Iso-Sensitest y el agar Mueller Hinton. Se realizaron bajo la técnica de difusión en disco de la NCCLS (Comité Nacional para los Estándares de Laboratorio Clínico). Estadísticamente, al analizar el chi-cuadrado de las muestras estudiadas se observó una confiabilidad del 99 por ciento, por lo tanto no hay diferencia entre los dos medios de cultivo. En el agar Iso-Sensitest se obtuvo una mejor nitidez con los diámetros de los halos de inhibición, se encontró un 62,0 por ciento de mejor lectura o mayor visibilidad en los diámetros de las zonas de inhibición con los cultivos de Enterococcus sp., un 21,4 por ciento con el Staphylococcus aureus y 20,0 por ciento en el caso de la Providencia stuartii

Etiología de las enteritis bacterianas en humanos: frecuencia de la campylobacteriosis / Etiology of bacterial enteritis in humans: frequency of campylobacteriosis

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar si en Bogotá existe el Campylobacter y Yersinia, además de buscar la flora normal intestinal de nuestro medio y las bactérias causantes de diarreas. Se estudiaron 125 pacientes con diarrea o con molestias digestivas, encontrando un 14.4% de Campylobacter jejuni, 2.4% de Campylobacter coli y 4.8% de Campylobacter laridis (antes denominado NARTC) y un 4.8% de Proteus mirabilis y 2.4% de Providencia (Proteus rettgeri), los cuales se hallaron significativos (p < 0.05) estadísticamente, excepto el C. coli. También se analizaron 79 muestras de personas sanas o asintomáticas en las cuales se observó un 3.7% de C. jejuni, 1.2% de C. coli y ningún caso para el C. laridis, P. mirabilis o P. rettgeri. Se analizaron 100 muestras de leches comerciales, encontrando un 1% de C. coli y 4% de C. jejuni. Con respecto a la Yersinia, se halló Y. enterolitica 1.6% y Y. pseudotuberculosis 2.4%