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1.
Vict Offender ; 12(1): 113-137, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28824349

ABSTRACT

This study assesses the entrance of substance-abusing female offenders (N=1,209) into the criminal justice system through temporal patterns (using age of first victimization, drug use and arrest). Nine pathways were identified. Unexpectedly, the leading path was a sequence where drug use preceded arrest in absence of childhood victimization. However, women under a path inclusive of victimization possessed more risk factors. Findings support feminist pathway research, which states that childhood victimization is generally present in female offenders' lives. Nevertheless, results also revealed that a drug pathway without childhood abuse proved to be as important and even more dominant among criminal justice-involved women.

2.
Can Pharm J (Ott) ; 150(1): 60-66, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28286594

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the privacy and security of free medication applications (apps) available to Canadian consumers. METHODS: The authors searched the Canadian iTunes store for iOS apps and the Canadian Google Play store for Android apps related to medication use and management. Using an Apple iPad Air 2 and a Google Nexus 7 tablet, 2 reviewers generated a list of apps that met the following inclusion criteria: free, available in English, intended for consumer use and related to medication management. Using a standard data collection form, 2 reviewers independently coded each app for the presence/absence of passwords, the storage of personal health information, a privacy statement, encryption, remote wipe and third-party sharing. A Cohen's Kappa statistic was used to measure interrater agreement. RESULTS: Of the 184 apps evaluated, 70.1% had no password protection or sign-in system. Personal information, including name, date of birth and gender, was requested by 41.8% (77/184) of apps. Contact information, such as address, phone number and email, was requested by 25% (46/184) of apps. Finally, personal health information, other than medication name, was requested by 89.1% (164/184) of apps. Only 34.2% (63/184) of apps had a privacy policy in place. CONCLUSION: Most free medication apps offer very limited authentication and privacy protocols. As a result, the onus currently falls on patients to input information in these apps selectively and to be aware of the potential privacy issues. Until more secure systems are built, health care practitioners cannot fully support patients wanting to use such apps.

3.
J Technol Hum Serv ; 34(3): 241-255, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29056871

ABSTRACT

This study explores the use of Computer-Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) technologies, by way of a computer-based system called iCohere. This system was used to facilitate collaboration conducting Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR). Data was gathered from 13 members of a Community Collaborative Board (CCB). Analysis revealed that iCohere served the following functions: facilitating communication, providing a depository for information and resource sharing, and allowing for remote meeting attendance. Results indicated that while iCohere was useful in performing these functions, less expensive technologies had the potential to achieve similar goals if properly implemented. Implications for future research on CSCW systems and CBPR are discussed.

4.
AIMS Public Health ; 2(4): 762-783, 2015 Dec 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26690813

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Prescription drug diversion, the transfer of prescription drugs from lawful to unlawful channels for distribution or use, is a problem in the United States. Despite the pervasiveness of diversion, there are gaps in the literature regarding characteristics of individuals who participate in the illicit trade of prescription drugs. This study examines a range of predictors (e.g., demographics, prescription insurance coverage, perceived risk associated with prescription drug diversion) of membership in three distinct diverter groups: individuals who illicitly acquire prescription drugs, those who redistribute them, and those who engage in both behaviors. METHODS: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional Internet study (N = 846) of prescription drug use and diversion patterns in New York City, South Florida, and Washington, D.C.. Participants were classified into diversion categories based on their self-reported involvement in the trade of prescription drugs. Group differences in background characteristics of diverter groups were assessed by Chi-Square tests and followed up with multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: While individuals in all diversion groups were more likely to be younger and have a licit prescription for any of the assessed drugs in the past year than those who did not divert, individuals who both acquire and redistribute are more likely to live in New York City, not have prescription insurance coverage, and perceive fewer legal risks of prescription drug diversion. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that predictive characteristics vary according to diverter group.

5.
Health Promot Pract ; 16(5): 733-44, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26055460

ABSTRACT

This article provides a case study evaluating the structure and dynamic process of a Community Collaborative Board that had the goal of creating an evidence-based substance abuse/health intervention for previously incarcerated individuals. Meeting agendas, attendance, minutes, video recording of meetings, and in-depth interviews with 13 Community Collaborative Board members were used to conduct an independent process evaluation. Open coding identified quotes exemplifying specific themes and/or patterns across answers related to the desired domain. Several themes were identified regarding membership engagement, retention, and power distribution. Results showed member retention was due to strong personal commitment to the targeted problem. Analysis also revealed an unequal power distribution based on participants' background. Nevertheless, the development of an innovative, community-based health intervention manual was accomplished. Aspects of the process, such as incentives, subcommittees, and trainings, enhanced the Board's ability to integrate the community and scientific knowledge to accomplish its research agenda. Community-based participatory research was a useful framework in enhancing quality and efficiency in the development of an innovative, substance abuse/health intervention manual for distressed communities. Overall, this article sheds light on a process that illustrates the integration of community-based and scientific knowledge to address the health, economic, and societal marginalization of low-income, minority communities.


Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Cooperative Behavior , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/methods , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/organization & administration , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Adult , Black or African American , Community Mental Health Services/methods , Community-Based Participatory Research , Female , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , New Jersey , Organizational Case Studies , Poverty , Prisoners , Program Development , Residence Characteristics , Urban Population
6.
Nurs Inq ; 21(4): 294-300, 2014 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23876166

ABSTRACT

In this article, we offer a perspective into how Canadian doctoral nursing students' writing capacity is mentored and, as a result, we argue is disciplined. We do this by sharing our own disciplinary and interdisciplinary experiences of writing with, for and about nurses. We locate our experiences within a broader discourse that suggests doctoral (nursing) students be prepared as stewards of the (nursing) discipline. We draw attention to tensions and effects of writing within (nursing) disciplinary boundaries. We argue that traditional approaches to developing nurses' writing capacity in doctoral programs both shepherds and excludes emerging scholarly voices, and we present some examples to illustrate this dual role. We ask our nurse colleagues to consider for whom nurses write, offering an argument that nurses' writing must ultimately improve patient care and thus would benefit from multiple voices in writing.


Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Graduate , Students, Nursing , Writing , Canada , Humans , Information Dissemination , Interprofessional Relations , Mentors , Nursing Methodology Research , Students, Nursing/psychology , Writing/standards
7.
J Urban Hist ; 38(1): 133-51, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22329070

ABSTRACT

Jim Dyos, founding-father of British urban history, argued that cities have commonly acknowledged "individual characteristics" that distinguish them. Such distinctive characteristics, though usually based on material realities, are promoted through literary and visual representations. This article argues that those who seek to convey a city's distinctiveness will do so not only through describing its particular topography, architecture, history or functions but also by describing its "local colour": the supposedly unique customs, manner of speech, dress, or other special features of its inhabitants. In colonial cities this process involved white racial stereotyping of "others". In Cape Town, depictions of "Coloured" inhabitants as unique "city types" became part of the city's "destination branding". The article analyses change and continuity in such representations. To this end it draws on the insights of Gareth Stedman Jones into changing depictions of London's "Cockneys" and the insights of Stephen Ward into historical "place-selling".


Subject(s)
Cultural Diversity , Population Groups , Prejudice , Race Relations , Social Identification , Stereotyping , Urban Population , Cities/economics , Cities/ethnology , Cities/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Population Groups/education , Population Groups/ethnology , Population Groups/history , Population Groups/legislation & jurisprudence , Population Groups/psychology , Race Relations/history , Race Relations/legislation & jurisprudence , Race Relations/psychology , South Africa/ethnology , United Kingdom/ethnology , Urban Health/ethnology , Urban Health/history , Urban Population/history
8.
Fem Criminol ; 7(1): 48-69, 2012 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30555286

ABSTRACT

Between 1996 and 2006, the federal laws that pertain to methamphetamine changed significantly. By 2006, methamphetamine offenses ranked number two among drugs for which women were convicted. There was a major increase in the number of women convicted of methamphetamine offenses. Using U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC) data for 1996 and 2006, this research investigates the factors affecting sentencing outcomes among women convicted of methamphetamine in the federal system. A major finding is that mandatory minimum sentencing attached to the new thresholds for methamphetamine has a major affect on the likelihood of incarceration of women convicted of methamphetamine offenses in the federal system.

9.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 22(2): 181-190, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-527493

ABSTRACT

A narrativa é um aspecto prioritário do desenvolvimento a ser possibilitado na escola infantil, pois envolve a comunicação e a ludicidade, a socialização e a construção da identidade. Este trabalho investiga os contextos e a interlocução na construção de narrativas por crianças na rotina de uma turma de educação infantil. Participaram 14 crianças entre cinco e seis anos e seus educadores. Numa abordagem de tipo etnográfico, registraram-se as narrativas e seus contextos de produção. Verificou-se que as crianças narraram principalmente nos momentos informais, e menos nas oportunidades de fala eliciada e apoiada pela professora. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de ampliar a escuta, o estímulo e a interlocução entre pares, para promover diferentes gêneros e estilos narrativos em todos os momentos da rotina escolar.


Engaging in narratives is an important aspect of young children's development and should be encouraged by the preschool, since it involves communication, playfulness, socialization, and the construction of identity. This study investigates the context of and the conversational exchanges in children's construction of narratives during routine activities in a preschool class. Fourteen five- to six-year-old children and their educators participated in the study, using an ethnographic design to code narratives and their contexts of production. The results showed that children narrated mainly during informal moments, and less in the speaking opportunities elicited and supported by the teacher. The results suggest the need to listen more to the children and to stimulate more conversation among peers, in order to promote different narrative genres and styles during all moments of the school day.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Rearing , Narration
10.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 22(2): 181-190, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-45708

ABSTRACT

A narrativa é um aspecto prioritário do desenvolvimento a ser possibilitado na escola infantil, pois envolve a comunicação e a ludicidade, a socialização e a construção da identidade. Este trabalho investiga os contextos e a interlocução na construção de narrativas por crianças na rotina de uma turma de educação infantil. Participaram 14 crianças entre cinco e seis anos e seus educadores. Numa abordagem de tipo etnográfico, registraram-se as narrativas e seus contextos de produção. Verificou-se que as crianças narraram principalmente nos momentos informais, e menos nas oportunidades de fala eliciada e apoiada pela professora. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de ampliar a escuta, o estímulo e a interlocução entre pares, para promover diferentes gêneros e estilos narrativos em todos os momentos da rotina escolar.(AU)


Engaging in narratives is an important aspect of young children's development and should be encouraged by the preschool, since it involves communication, playfulness, socialization, and the construction of identity. This study investigates the context of and the conversational exchanges in children's construction of narratives during routine activities in a preschool class. Fourteen five- to six-year-old children and their educators participated in the study, using an ethnographic design to code narratives and their contexts of production. The results showed that children narrated mainly during informal moments, and less in the speaking opportunities elicited and supported by the teacher. The results suggest the need to listen more to the children and to stimulate more conversation among peers, in order to promote different narrative genres and styles during all moments of the school day.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Rearing , Narration
11.
Psicol. estud ; 12(3): 553-562, set.-dic. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477656

ABSTRACT

A narrativa é uma forma de pensamento discursivo que permite à criança pré-escolar construir progressivamente um sentido de si própria, enquanto se situa num mundo de relações e práticas sociais. Neste trabalho, conceitos de Wallon sobre o desenvolvimento e a linguagem na etapa personalista são utilizados como base teórica para discutir as contribuições de estudos sociointeracionistas contemporâneos sobre narrativas. O estudo do desenvolvimento da narrativa possibilita acompanhar o processo de incorporação, pela criança, de elementos dos outros e da cultura, ao mesmo tempo em que ela se diferencia como indivíduo, colocando-se como narradora e avaliando aquilo que conta. A apropriação de formas convencionais de contar histórias contribui para a organização e sofisticação do pensamento discursivo e da imaginação criadora, possibilitando que a criança desenvolva recursos cognitivos e afetivos para interagir com um mundo multidimensional, complexo e em constante processo de mudança.


Narrative is a kind of discoursive thought that allows the preschooler child to progressively construct a sense of self, while she situates herself in a world of relationships and social practices. In this paper, Wallon's concepts on development and language in the personalist stage are taken as a theoretical framework to discuss contributions of contemporary sociointeractionists studies on narrative. The study of narrative development permits that children's process of incorporation of others and cultural elements may be followed, at the same time as they differentiate themselves as individuals who narrate and evaluate what is told. The appropriation of conventional forms of telling stories contributes to the discoursive thought organization and sophistication and of creative imagination. This appropriation enables children to develop cognitive and affective resources to interact with a multidimensional world that is complex and changeable.


La narrativa es una forma de pensamiento discursivo que permite al niño preescolar construir progresivamente un sentido de sí propio mientras se sitúa en un mundo de relaciones y prácticas sociales. En este trabajo conceptos de Wallon sobre el desarrollo y el lenguaje en la etapa personalista son utilizados como base teórica para discutir las contribuciones de estudios sociointeraccionistas contemporáneos sobre narrativas. El estudio del desarrollo de la narrativa posibilita acompañar el proceso de incorporación, por el niño, de elementos de los otros y de la cultura, al mismo tiempo en que él se diferencia como individuo, colocándose como narrador y evaluando lo que cuenta. La apropriación de formas convencionales de contar historias contribuye para la organización y sofisticación del pensamiento discursivo y de la imaginación creadora, posibilitándole al niño desarrollar recursos cognitivos y afectivos para interaccionar con un mundo multidimensional, complejo y en constante proceso de cambio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Narration
12.
Psicol. estud ; 12(3): 553-562, set.-dez. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-49896

ABSTRACT

A narrativa é uma forma de pensamento discursivo que permite à criança pré-escolar construir progressivamente um sentido de si própria, enquanto se situa num mundo de relações e práticas sociais. Neste trabalho, conceitos de Wallon sobre o desenvolvimento e a linguagem na etapa personalista são utilizados como base teórica para discutir as contribuições de estudos sociointeracionistas contemporâneos sobre narrativas. O estudo do desenvolvimento da narrativa possibilita acompanhar o processo de incorporação, pela criança, de elementos dos outros e da cultura, ao mesmo tempo em que ela se diferencia como indivíduo, colocando-se como narradora e avaliando aquilo que conta. A apropriação de formas convencionais de contar histórias contribui para a organização e sofisticação do pensamento discursivo e da imaginação criadora, possibilitando que a criança desenvolva recursos cognitivos e afetivos para interagir com um mundo multidimensional, complexo e em constante processo de mudança.(AU)


Narrative is a kind of discoursive thought that allows the preschooler child to progressively construct a sense of self, while she situates herself in a world of relationships and social practices. In this paper, Wallon's concepts on development and language in the personalist stage are taken as a theoretical framework to discuss contributions of contemporary sociointeractionists studies on narrative. The study of narrative development permits that children's process of incorporation of others and cultural elements may be followed, at the same time as they differentiate themselves as individuals who narrate and evaluate what is told. The appropriation of conventional forms of telling stories contributes to the discoursive thought organization and sophistication and of creative imagination. This appropriation enables children to develop cognitive and affective resources to interact with a multidimensional world that is complex and changeable.(AU)


La narrativa es una forma de pensamiento discursivo que permite al niño preescolar construir progresivamente un sentido de sí propio mientras se sitúa en un mundo de relaciones y prácticas sociales. En este trabajo conceptos de Wallon sobre el desarrollo y el lenguaje en la etapa personalista son utilizados como base teórica para discutir las contribuciones de estudios sociointeraccionistas contemporáneos sobre narrativas. El estudio del desarrollo de la narrativa posibilita acompañar el proceso de incorporación, por el niño, de elementos de los otros y de la cultura, al mismo tiempo en que él se diferencia como individuo, colocándose como narrador y evaluando lo que cuenta. La apropriación de formas convencionales de contar historias contribuye para la organización y sofisticación del pensamiento discursivo y de la imaginación creadora, posibilitándole al niño desarrollar recursos cognitivos y afectivos para interaccionar con un mundo multidimensional, complejo y en constante proceso de cambio.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Narration
13.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 19(1): 98-105, jan.-abr. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-33297

ABSTRACT

O artigo revisa a literatura sobre a produção narrativa de crianças e adultos idosos, focalizando estudos intergeracionais. Demonstra a importância das histórias para o desenvolvimento infantil, e o papel do interlocutor neste contexto. Situa o adulto idoso como um interlocutor privilegiado, apresentando estudos que mostram o narrar como uma atividade fundamental nesta etapa da vida. O contato entre crianças e pessoas idosas tem sido promovido e estudado principalmente para verificar e modificar a percepção de um grupo sobre o outro. Parece, entretanto, prevalecer uma proposta altruísta, ao invés da concepção de uma interação proveitosa para ambos. O artigo enfatiza a relevância de alguns programas que valorizam e promovem a habilidade dos idosos em contar histórias para crianças, discutindo iniciativas brasileiras nesta área(AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Aged , Intergenerational Relations , Narration , Child Development
14.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 19(1): 98-105, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-449051

ABSTRACT

O artigo revisa a literatura sobre a produção narrativa de crianças e adultos idosos, focalizando estudos intergeracionais. Demonstra a importância das histórias para o desenvolvimento infantil, e o papel do interlocutor neste contexto. Situa o adulto idoso como um interlocutor privilegiado, apresentando estudos que mostram o narrar como uma atividade fundamental nesta etapa da vida. O contato entre crianças e pessoas idosas tem sido promovido e estudado principalmente para verificar e modificar a percepção de um grupo sobre o outro. Parece, entretanto, prevalecer uma proposta altruísta, ao invés da concepção de uma interação proveitosa para ambos. O artigo enfatiza a relevância de alguns programas que valorizam e promovem a habilidade dos idosos em contar histórias para crianças, discutindo iniciativas brasileiras nesta área


Subject(s)
Aged , Child , Child Development , Intergenerational Relations , Narration
15.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 16(3): 19-31, set.-dez. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-278558

ABSTRACT

Investiga relaçöes entre a atitude verbal de enfrentamento, estilo explanatório e o tipo de experiência depressiva, em 43 adultos participantes de um grupo terapêutico aberto para transtornos de humor. Foi verificada a atitude verbal de enfrentamento predominante em 13 sessöes e utilizou-se escalas de estilo explanatório e tipos de depressäo. O estilo explanatório pessimista ocorreu especialmente no grupo com tipo misto de depressäo. Todos os participantes com tipo introjetivo apresentaram atitude compreensiva e resolutiva de enfrentamento. Tal atitude relacionou-se estatisticamente com explanaçöes transitórias para bons eventos, enquanto indivíduos "queixosos" tenderam a acreditar na estabilidade causal para boas situaçöes. A discussäo focaliza os estudos sobre estilo explanatório e depressäo, enfatizando a importância da intervençäo clínica para o enfrentamento e desenvolvimento saudável


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Male , Middle Aged , Depression , Personality
16.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 16(3): 19-31, set./dez. 1999.
Article | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-16218

ABSTRACT

Investiga relacoes entre a atitude verbal de enfrentamento, estilo explanatorio e o tipo de experiencia depressiva em 43 adultos participantes de um grupo terapeutico aberto para transtornos do humor. Foi verificada a atitude verbal de enfrentamento predominante em 13 sessoes e utilizou-se escalas de estilo explanatorio e tipos de depressao. O estilo explanatorio pessimista ocorreu especialmente no grupo com tipo misto de depressao. Todos os participantes com tipo introjetivo apresentaram atitude compreensiva e resolutiva de enfrentamento. Tal atitude relacionou-se estatisticamente com explanacoes trasitorias para bons eventos, enquanto individuos 'queixosos' tenderam a acreditar na estabilidade causal para boas situacoes. A discussao focaliza os estudos sobre estilo explanatorio e depressao, enfatizando a importancia da intervencao clinica para o enfrentamento e desenvolvimento saudavel.


Subject(s)
Depression , Psychotherapy , Narration , Speech , Psychotherapy
17.
Porto Alegre; s.n; 1998. 74 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | Index Psychology - Theses | ID: pte-28226

ABSTRACT

Este estudo investigou relações entre a atitude verbal de enfrentamento, estilo explanatório e o tipo de experiência depressiva. Participaram 43 indivíduos que freqüentam um grupo terapêutico aberto em um ambulatório hospitalar especializado em transtornos de humor. Foram utilizados o ASQ (Attributional Style Questionnaire), o DEQ (Depressive Experiences Questionnaire), e um registro de dois tipos de atitude de enfrentamento expressos nas verbalizações durante 13 sessões do grupo. O teste estatístico do chi-quadrado demonstrou que indivíduos com atitude queixosa de enfrentamento tenderam a explicar situações favoráveis de forma estável, enquanto os participantes com atitude compreensiva e resolutiva apresentaram transitoriedade na explanação sobre bons eventos. Uma atitude compreensiva e resolutiva predominou em todos os participantes com um tipo introjetivo de depressão. Foi encontrada uma presença significativa de internalidade para eventos negativos em indivíduos com alto escore no fator anaclítico, mas foi verificado que o grupo que realmente apresentava um estilo explanatório pessimista (interno, estável e global para explicar situações de fracasso) era o tipo misto de depressão, com alto nos fatores anaclíticos e introjetivo...(AU)

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