[Role of macrophages in the antitumor action of the recombinant probiotic Subalin]. / Rol' makrofagov v realizatsii antiblastomnogo deistviia rekombinantnogo probiotika Subalina.

Course administration of the recombinant probiotic subalin was shown to significantly potentiate the cytotoxic action of macrophages from healthy and tumor-bearing mice against mastocytoma P-815 cells and syngeneic target cells of lung sarcoma of Lewis. Carrageenan, an inhibitor of macrophage activity, significantly cut down the antimetastaic effect of subalin. The crucial role of macrophages in the mechanism of this function of the drug is discussed.

[Preclinical toxicological study of ecorsin]. / Doklinicheskoe toksikologicheskoe izuchenie ékorsina.

A new drug preparation ecorsin based on the dry aspen bark extract was studied for toxicological safety on a preclinical stage. The drug exhibited no toxicity upon a single administration to rats and mice (both male and female). The intragastric administration of ecorsin for 3 months to rats (at a daily dose of 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and rabbits (25 and 50 mg/kg) led to neither functional not morphological changes in hemopoietic and lymphoid organs, liver, kidney, heart, digestive system, and CNS. The long-term administration resulted in a partial atrophic modification of convoluted seminiferous tubules in impuberal male rats, while not affecting the testes of aged animals. The administration of ecorsin at 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg led to dose-dependent changes in some characteristics of the reproductive capacity in rats. Ecorsin did not modify the extent of allergic reactions and produced no immunotoxicant and mutagen effects.

[Parameters of cellular immunity in lung cancer patients with different types of adaptation reactions during polychemotherapy]. / Pokazateli kletochnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh rakom lëgkogo s razlichnymi tipami adaptatsionnykh reaktsii v protzesse provedeniia polikhimioterapii.

A relationship between cellular immunity and general adaptation syndrome in the course of CAM polychemotherapy has been investigated. The results point to a lack of lymphopenia, lower levels of T-suppressors and higher instability of immunological indices in patients showing increased activation reaction and maximum antitumor resistance during cytostatic therapy, unlike in those in stress. This opens an opportunity for correction.

[Modulation of the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide by the recombinant probiotic Subalin]. / Moduliatsiia protivoopukholevoi aktivnosti tsiklofosfana rekombinantnym probiotikom Subalinom.

A new preparation "subalin" developed on the basis of a recombinant saprophyte strain of Bacillus subtilis 2135/105 producing human interferon alpha-2 has been tested for its ability of increasing the effectiveness of antitumor therapy. The study used Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice C57B1/6 treated with injections of 60 mg/kg body cyclophosphamide, intraperitoneally, on days 3 and 7 of tumor growth. Subalin was administered per as on days 1-14 after tumor transplantation. Combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and subalin resulted in a significantly higher inhibition of primary tumor growth and metastatic spreading as compared with control receiving cyclophosphamide alone. Also, there were fewer animals with metastasis; the average number of these lesions per animal and the total affected area were less. Subalin proved to exert a moderate antitumor and antimetastatic effect. The cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages was higher in mice treated with subalin. It is suggested that the chemo-sensitizing and antitumor effects of subalin are due to its ability to induce endogenous interferon production.

[The effect of immune system disorders on the incidence of inflammatory complications in surgeries on the liver]. / Vliianie narushenii immuniteta na chastotu gnoinykh oslozhnenii u bol'nykh pri operatsiiakh na pecheni.

Inflammatory complications in the abdominal cavity are the most frequent complications after operations on the liver. Immunological studies were conducted in 71 patients with local lesions of the liver who had undergone various surgical interventions. Cellular and humoral immunity factors were studied. The absolute and percentage content of T- and B-lymphocytes and the level of the main three classes of immunoglobulins-A, M and G were determined. The authors noted a definite correlation between the degree of disturbance of the immune system and preoperative complications, preoperative complications of the principal disease (purulent complications--suppuration of the cavity of disintegration of the alveococcus, abscesses of the liver), functional condition of the liver, and postoperative purulent complications. The treatment of inflammatory complications in the postoperative period (suppuration of residual cavities after resection of the liver and echinococcotomy, subdiaphragmatic and subhepatic abscesses) was more effective in patients with mild changes in immunological parameters.

[Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on the immunologic status of patients with lung cancer receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy]. / Vliianie ékstracta shlemnika baikal'skogo na immunologicheskii status bol'nykh rakom legkogo v usloviiakh protivoopukholevoi khimioterapii.

Cytostatic therapy of patients with lung cancer is attended with decrease in the relative number of T-lymphocytes and their theophylline-resistant population. Patients who were given SB showed a tendency towards increase of these parameters during antitumor chemotherapy. The immunoregulation index (IRI) in this case was approximately twice the background values during the whole period of investigation. The inclusion of SB in the therapeutic complex promotes increase in the number of immunoglobulins A at a stable level of immunoglobulins G.

[T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with gastric cancer]. / Subpopuliatsii T-limfotsitov u bol'nykh rakom zheludka.

T-lymphocyte subpopulation profile in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients proved abnormal. The disbalance became more apparent with progression of disease. A decrease in T gamma-lymphocyte level was observed after radical surgery. T gamma- and T mu- lymphocyte levels proved significantly altered following combined treatment including surgery and chemotherapy with ftorafur or pyrogenal immunotherapy.

[Use of laboratory methods in the formation of groups at risk for cancer of the breast]. / Ispol'zovanie laboratornykh metodov dlia formirovaniia grupp riska po raku molochnoi zhelezy.

The features of the homeostasis systems functioning in mammary carcinoma patients and in subjects at risk of this condition are analyzed. The pattern of the reactions of the homeostasis parameters, characteristic of each diseases, suggests that laboratory examinations may contribute to the efficacy of early diagnosis of mammary carcinoma in prophylactic check-ups of females.

[Evaluation of the functional state of the complement and fibrinolysis systems]. / Nekotorye aspekty otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoianiia sistemy komplementa i fibrinoliza.

The blood complement and fibrinolytic activities were examined in 89 patients with Stages III-IV pulmonary and gastric carcinomas. The studies have revealed that local hypoxia of the upper limb as a test stimulant evokes similar reactions of the examined systems, which evidences their functional relationship. Three reaction types of the complement and fibrinolytic systems were singled out: increased, decreased, or unchanged activities. These reactions qualitatively and quantitatively differ in normal subjects and patients with the disseminated forms of pulmonary and gastric carcinomas. The results permit a conclusion that use of a local hypoxia functional test makes the measurements of the blood complement and fibrinolytic activities more informative and permits a judgement on the reserve potentials of these systems.

[The immune system and factors of natural resistance in patients with cancer of the stomach]. / Sistema immuniteta i faktory estestvennoi rezistentnosti u bol'nykh rakom zheludka.

Parameters of T and B systems of immunity as well as factors of natural resistance were evaluated in gastric cancer patients. A correlation was established between the immunologic indexes, on the one hand, and stage and histological pattern of tumor, on the other. Pattern of growth and site of tumor influenced the immunologic status less significantly. A complex immunologic examination should be performed and clinico-morphological peculiarities of tumor considered for evaluating immunologic status in patients with gastric cancer.

[Changes in hormonal-mediatory and immunological indices during anesthesia in cancer patients]. / Izmeneniia gormonal'no-mediatornykh i immunologicheskikh pokazatelei vo vremia obezbolivaniia u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The relationship between hormone-mediator and immunologic components of homeostasis was studied in 82 surgically-treated cancer patients. The pattern of changes in immunity and non-specific resistance was found to depend on the rate of glucocorticoid hormones synthesis in adrenals. Surgery should be carried out under neurovegetative blockade, which prevents immunodepression both during and shortly after surgery.

[Various indices of metabolism and non-specific immunity in cancer of the thoracic region of the esophagus]. / Nekotorye pokazateli metabolizma i nespetsificheskogo immuniteta pri rake grudnogo otdela pishchevoda.

Studies on protein and carbohydrate metabolism in 100 esophageal cancer patients showed a correlation between changes in metabolism, on the one hand, and stage, site and macroscopic pattern of tumor as well as degree of dysplasia, on the other. Metabolic indexes were shown to return to normal two years after resection of the esophagus and esophagoplasty using small intestine. A study involving 42 patients demonstrated that such parameters of non-specific immunity as complement activity and index of complete phagocytosis undergo maximum changes, viz. a decrease by 66.0 and 41.1%, respectively.