ABSTRACT
Visual functions in albinism were examined by psychophysiological and electrophysiological methods. Impaired functioning of light, brightness, and contrast channels of the visual system was revealed, as well as specific electrophysiological parameters typical of this condition: increased wave a and shortened latent periods of waves a and b on the total ERG, reduced amplitude and a shorter latent period of P-100 peak of visual evoked potential, prolonged latent periods of waves a and b of local ERG, and increased amplitude of waves a and b of L-ERG.
Subject(s)
Albinism, Ocular/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Albinism, Ocular/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Electrophysiology , Electroretinography , Humans , PsychophysiologyABSTRACT
The accommodation potential of the eye is markedly reduced in patients with optic nystagmus. Trans-scleral exposure of the ciliary body to infrared low-energy laser at wavelength 1.3 microns may be used to repair the accommodation potential of the eyes and improve the visual function in nystagmus. Laser stimulation of the ciliary zone was carried out in 62 patients with optic nystagmus. As a result, the accommodation potential was 1.417 times increased and the closest point of clear vision approached the eye by 1.309 diopters. Far vision acuity increased by 1.334 times, close one by 1.258 times. A stable positive result persisted for 3 to 6 months, after which laser stimulation may be repeated, or other means of repairing the accommodation system of the eye be resorted to, such as training after Avetisov-Mats or exercises with a home ergographer.
Subject(s)
Ciliary Body/radiation effects , Laser Therapy , Nystagmus, Pathologic/radiotherapy , Accommodation, Ocular , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Time Factors , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Spectral filters were used for additional correction of vision in 67 patients: in 15 adults with initial cataracts (intensive yellow filter), 26 children with albinism (yellow-brown filter), 14 children with macular hypoplasia (orange filter), and 12 children with aphakia after removal of congenital cataracts (yellow filter). Selection of the filter density is carried out using a special method including visocontrastometry, examination of sensitivity to lateral light, and study of color perception thresholds. Use of filters resulted in improvement of the vision acuity by 43.5% in patients with initial cataracts, by 10% in those with albinism, by 20% in those with macular hypoplasia, and by 22% in those with aphakia; moreover, an improvement of the frequency-contrast characteristics was observed, as well as a reduction of photophobia, and a reduction of vision amplitude in patients with nystagmus. The possible applications of spectral correction are discussed.
Subject(s)
Color , Eyeglasses , Filtration/instrumentation , Lenses , Vision Disorders/therapy , Adult , Albinism/therapy , Aphakia, Postcataract/therapy , Cataract/congenital , Cataract/therapy , Child , Color Perception , Humans , Macula Lutea , Nystagmus, Pathologic/therapy , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Clinical features of vertical strabismus with superior oblique muscle insufficiency were studied in 123 patients. A complex of clinical methods was used and clinical evaluation of these methods made. Various forms of strabismus with superior oblique muscle insufficiency were detected. Four degrees of superior oblique muscle weakness were distinguished corresponding to four degrees of inferior oblique muscle hyperfunction.
Subject(s)
Oculomotor Muscles , Strabismus/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Strabismus/classification , SyndromeABSTRACT
Examination of 328 patients with vertical squint has revealed peculiarities of its clinical forms. Their characteristics are: I. Concomitant vertical squint; II. A mixed form--concomitant convergent or divergent squint with a vertical component; III. Paretic or paralytic vertical squint; IV. Atypical kinds of vertical squint. Special attention is drawn to the presence of torticollis, difference in lid slit width, pseudoptosis, diplopia. Basic principles of treatment of vertical squint corresponding the clinical form are suggested. Results of treatment in patients with different forms of vertical squint are analysed.
