[Concept of the Mediterranean diet in modern European nutrition]. / Kontseptsiia dieiety seredzemnomor'ia v suchasnii Ievropeis'kii nutrisiologii.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conception of the Mediterranean diet that has become to be shared by many leading nutritionists of Europe over the last decade as a possible reference model of nutrition for inhabitants of many countries of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe. An association is shown between some nutritional factors and indices for general mortality, mortality from ischemic heart disease and cancer of certain localizations. A positive effect has been unraveled of monounsaturated fatty acids together with negative effects of saturated fatty acids on the process of beta-oxidization and mitochondrial functions in the cardiac muscle. On the basis of the analysis of the existing data a conclusion has been reached that annexes to the existing principles of the A. A. Pokrovsky's optimum nourishment formula are necessary.

[The modern concept and formula of radioprotective nutrition]. / Suchasna kontseptsiia ta formula radiozakhysnoho kharchuvannia.

For the first time main principles of radioprotective nutrition are formulated in the article. Data about significant changes in human nutrition under conditions of increasing contamination of environment with radionuclides are presented.

[Nutritional status and radionuclide contents of food rations of rural population in the Ukrainian region controlled after the Chernobyl AES accident]. / Sostoianie pitaniia i soderzhanie radionuklidov v ratsionakh sel'skogo naseleniia kontroliruemogo regiona Ukrainy posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Chemical composition, energy value and 137Cs and 90Sr content in daily diets were assessed in rural population from the region controlled after the Chernobyl accident. As shown by low urine excretion of vitamins (thiamine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, N1-methylnicotinamide), the population suffer from vitamin deficiency, especially in winter and spring. Levels of the radionuclides rose 1.3-19.7 and 3.4-24.8-fold for 137Cs and 90Sr, respectively.

[Effect of saccharol glycosides on energy metabolism in animals with abnormal carbohydrate tolerance]. / Vliianie glikozidov sakharola na énergeticheskii obmen u zhivotnykh s narushennoi tolerantnostíu k uglevodam.

A trial has been performed of a new sweetening agent saccharol, glycosides complex, on energy metabolism in rats with experimental alloxan diabetes. Elevated glucose level observed in rats with insulin insufficiency was associated with hexokinase activity inhibition and changes in the activity of the enzymes involved in glucose-6-phosphate transformation: enhanced activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase against inhibition of phosphoglucomutase activity. Introduction of saccharose aggravated the above shifts in the rat liver, whereas saccharol possesses a protective action on hexokinase hepatic reaction and enzymes of glucose-6-phosphate conversion, reduced blood glucose. Positive changes induced by saccharol on energy metabolism in animals with insulin insufficiency can be attributed to the effect of saccharol glycosides.

[The current problems of dietary feeding (a review of the literature)]. / Suchasni problemy diietychnoho kharchuvannia (ohliad literatury).

Group dietary system is now a disputable problem in medicine. Ukraine shows a tendency in development of universal therapeutic diets with individualization of diets depending on the patient's condition, course of the disease, sex, age etc. Advancements of dietary feeding in the Ukraine should be based on scientific principles. This will promote efficient treatment of the patients.

[Effect of a new sweetening agent from Stevia rebaudiana on animals]. / Vliianie novogo podslastitelia iz dvulistnika sladkogo na organizm zhivotnykh.

Animals received saccharol adequate (by sweetness) to sugar, and in 10- and 50-fold increased amounts. The data of chronic 10-month experiments studied in the time course after 2, 5, 10 months have permitted a conclusion that saccharol included into the ration during long periods, does not produce a significant effect on the parameters of metabolic processes and morphological picture of the internal organs in test animals. Saccharol in 50-fold increased amounts inhibits the activity of oxidative phosphorylation in the hepatic tissue of rats.

[Effect of a new exopolysaccharide on animal body]. / Vliianie novogo ékzopolisakharida na organizm zhivotnykh.

The influence of new exopolysaccharide, synthesized by Candida tropicalis and Pseudomonas sp. consortium in ethanol, on the animal body was studied in chronic experiments conducted in 200 non-inbred white rats. The animals were sacrificed after 3, 10 and 18 months of follow-up. The results of the investigations permit a conclusion that exopolysaccharide given to the animals during a long period does not produce a significant effect on the animal's growth and development, on the antitoxic function of the liver, on the parameters of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, on oxidizing phosphorylation in the mitochondria of the liver, and is low-hazard with respect to allergenic properties.

[Energy expenditure of workers at modern animal-breeding complexes]. / Energeticheskie zatraty rabochikh sovremennykh zhivotnovodcheskikh kompleksov.

The energy expenditure of workers at modern cattle-breeding farm complexes was studied during their working time and during 24 h. It was found that during the working period the energy expenditure fluctuated from 9.2 to 25.9 kJ/min, while daily energy expenditure comprised 11.6-13.8 MJ.

[Current studies of energy expenditure and the quantitative and qualitative adequacy of nutrition of female textile workers]. / Sovremennye issledovaniia énergeticheskikh zatrat, kolichestvennoi i kachestvennoi adekvatnosti pitaniia rabotnits tekstil'noi promyshlennosti.

The study was designed to analyze nutrition and daily energy losses of textile workers. Energy intake constituted in general 2600 kcal for female weavers and 2300 kcal for spinning workers. Weavers' nutrition is redundant in caloric content but deficient in polyunsaturated fat acids, Vitamins A, B, C and calcium salts.

[The effect of saccharose on the growth and structure of bone tissue]. / Vliianie sakharozy na rost i formirovanie kostnoi tkani.

The content of organic mineral components in bones was studied after substitution of 25 and 50% of carbohydrate energy value in rations for saccharose. It was established that saccharose stimulated the growth of experimental animals, this was attended by increased phosphomonoesterase-1 activity, epiphyseal cartilage thickening, hyperfunction of the growth zone and changes in the phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

[Effect of copper deficiency on growth and bone tissue formation]. / Vliianie nedostatka medi na rost i formirovanie kostnoi tkani.

The influence of copper deficiency on the growth was studied in schoolchildren, and on the osteogenesis--in experimental animals. The results of the investigations conducted have shown that copper deficiency may be one of the causes of disturbances in growth and osteogenesis in the growing body. Osteogenesis disturbances observed in the animals with copper deficiency were associated with the inhibition of the synthesis of enzymatic systems and protein metabolism in chondro- and osteoblasts.

[Effect of sugar beet saponins on the body of animals]. / Vliianie saponinov sakharnoi svekly na organizm zhivotnykh.

A study was made of the effect of sugar beet saponins on motor activity of animals, energy, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic resistance of red blood cells, antitoxic liver function. The 50- and 100-fold increase of the initial dose gave rise to an elevation of motor activity, lowering of the content of pre-beta-lipoproteins and increase of the amount of alpha-lipoproteins in blood serum, reduction of the osmotic resistance of red blood cells, dissociation of the processes of oxidation and phosphorylation, and decline of the energy efficacy of respiration.

[Effect of amino acid deficiency on bone tissue growth and formation]. / Vliianie defitsita aminokislot na rost i formirovanie kostnoi tkani.

Intake of the essential amino acids, threonine, lysine and methionine by Ukrainian children of different height was studied. The processes of osteogenesis and phosphorus-calcium metabolism in rats with the above amino acids deficiency in the diet were also subjected to study. A direct correlation was established between intake of the amino acids under study and the height of schoolchildren. The deficiency of the amino acids in the diet of experimental animals contributed to the retardation of the growth, destructive changes, an increase in the content of hydroxyproline, a reduction of phosphomonoesterase-I activity in bones, and alterations in phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

[Effect of iron-deficient diets on the formation of bone tissue]. / Vliianie ratsionov s defitsitom zheleza na formirovanie kostnoi tkani.

The effect of the iron-deficient diets on osseous tissue formation was studied in long-term experiments. During intense growth, iron deficiency led to a decrease in the content of hexosamines, in the activity of phosphomonoesterase I and calcium, delay in collagen maturation in the femoral bones, as well as to phosphorus-calcium metabolic disorders. Histological examination revealed thickening of the articular cartilage, an increase in the number and volume of osteocytes, islets of the proliferative osteocytes on the part of the endosteum, and a number of dystrophic abnormalities.