[Features of human cortical pyramidal neurons development during second gestational trimester].

Prenatal ontogeny of human neocortex have distinctive features that make it unique. Experimental data obtained on animal models could not be easily extrapolated on human corticogenesis of middle and late gestational period. Our research was aimed at features of human cortical pyramidal neurons development within 16-26 gestational weeks. Material was obtained during legal autopsies. Neurons were marked using indirect immunofluorescence with primary antibodies against phosphorylated a nd dephosphorylated microtubule associated protein MAP2.Expression of this protein marks the beginning of dendrogenesis. Morphotype and position of neuron within embryonic cortical layers could be easily identified due to abundance of MAP2 in neuron body and dendrites. It was shown, that MAP2 positive neurons are identifiable in embryonic cortical layer eV as early as 18th gestational week. At 25th gestational week two populations of pyramidal neurons are apparent inside cortical plate. In addition to layer eV neurons that have had differentiated earlier, layer eIII neurons appears. According to fact that differentiating neurons are more vulnerable to damaging factors than neuroblasts and mature neurons, our results suggest that critical periods for cortico-cortical and corticofugal populations of pyramidal cells occurs at different stages of second gestational trimester.

[Prenatal ontogenesis of the human brain cortex temporal area].

Prenatal ontogenesis of temporal areas of the human cortex was studied. In the fetal cortex at the gestational age of 16-18 weeks three zones can be distinguished: marginal zone (eI layer), cortex plate and subplate. At 20-26 weeks cortex plate is divided into following layers: eII, eIII, eIV, eV and eVI, with "efferent" complex of layers being wider than "associative" one. The subplate neurons are eliminated in the fetus at 27-33 weeks, when "associative" complex composes over 50 per cent of the cortex thickness. The subplate has been identified by positive correlation between layer eII and the upper subplate layer spu cell density.

[Prospects for using combined three-dimensional injection of gel transplants with autologous and allogenic cell cultures in reproductive medicine].

A combined cellular transplant for injection has been designed, by using lowly differentiated stromal fat tissue cells obtained from Wistar rats and it preserved biological and physical properties after passing through a small-diameter injection needle (an insulin syringe). A morphological study of the results of its transplantation into paraurethral tissues in 28 female rats showed that the transplant cells, autologous ones in particular, activated the proliferation of local connective tissue cell populations and retained their viability and proliferative and synthetic activities up 20 days or more. At the end of the experiment (on days 27-35), marked focal connective tissue enlargement at the site of injection of both allo- and autografts results in the narrowing of the urethral lumen. The injection implantation of combined allo- and autografts opens up new avenues for the treatment of pathological processes of the reproductive and urinary tracts.

[Antidiabetic and anticoagulant properties of the heparin-glutamic acid complex]. / Antidiabetogennye i protivosvertyvaiushchie svoistva soedineniia geparina s glutaminovoi kislotoi.

Natural heparin complexes proved to activate the anticoagulation system. The obtained experimental data convincingly confirm that glutamic acid alone, and particularly in a complex with heparin, has a considerable preventive potential and efficiently protects experimental animals with induced diabetes mellitus.

[The effect of influenza virus hemagglutinin on erythrocytes and thrombocytes]. / Vliianie gemaggliutinina virusa grippa na éritrotsity i trombotsity.

We studied the effect of influenza virus hemagglutinin on the volume of erythrocytes and aggregation activity of thrombocytes. Hemagglutinin proved to increase the erythrocyte volume, which ends in their lysis, and to induce disaggregation of the thrombocytes. The effect of hemagglutinin on the erythrocytes and thrombocytes was dose-dependent.

[Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects of proline-containing peptides]. / Antikoaguliantnye i fibrinoloticheskie éffekty nekotorykh prolinsoderzhashchikh peptidov.

Anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and fibrin-depolymerization effects were revealed during in vitro study of five proline-containing peptides (Gly-Pro, Trp-Pro, Pro-Gly, Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly, and Pro-Gly-Pro) in the concentration range 10(-9) to 10(-1) mg/ml. Intravenous injection of Trp-Pro and Pro-Gly into white rats at 250 micrograms/kg body weight significantly increased recalcification time and activated partial thromboplastin time of serum coagulation, increased fibrinolytic activity, decreased the level of serum factor XIII/(/)a and fibrinogen, and reduced thrombocyte aggregation. We propose inhibition of thromboplastin and thrombin formation in the serum by the studied proline-containing peptides both in vitro and in vivo.

[Various aspects of the effect of heparin-serotonin complex on blood and blood flow]. / Nekotorye aspekty deistviia kompleksa geparin-serotonin na krov' i krovotok.

High-molecular heparin-serotonin complex (3:1 weight ratio) was obtained in vitro. The complex, its components, and heparin-serotonin mixture were introduced intraperitoneally in rats, and the resulting effects were registered 10, 30, and 60 min later. The complex had anticoagulant and lytic activities distinct from those of plasmin. According to decrease activity of factor XIII and decreased concentration of fibrinogen, the complex stimulated the anticoagulant system. In addition, the heparin-serotonin complex penetrated the hematoencephalic barrier and decreased the rate of brain bloodstream. The observed physiological properties of the heparin-serotonin complex were distinct from those of serotonin, heparin, and their mixture.

[The nature of an anticoagulant isolated from peonies in the central zone of Russia]. / K voprosu o prirode antikoagulianta, poluchennogo iz pionov srednei polosy Rossii.

The nature of the anticoagulant isolated from the Chinese peony roots has been determined. Physicochemical analysis (infrared and mass spectroscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) demonstrated the presence of a glycopeptide in Paeonia suffraticosae roots. This glycopeptide shares a structural similarity with heparin.

[The role of influenza virus hemagglutinin in blood anticoagulation processes]. / Uchastie gemaggliutinina virusa grippa v protsessakh antikoaguliatsii krovi.

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) possesses anticoagulant and fubrinolytic activities and affects such blood clotting factors as fibrinogen and factor XIII in vitro and in vivo. Computer analysis of HA structure of avian, animal, and human type 1 influenza viruses showed 1 or 2 sites of amino acid sequences similar to plasminogen activator. These sites proved to be highly conservative for each virus subtype, irrespective of the source and year of isolation of the strain. Evolution relationships with respect to this sign were detected between the studied viruses.

[An anticoagulant from extracts of peony roots: its isolation and properties]. / Antikoagulant iz ékstraktov kornei pionov: poluchenie i svoistva.

A protein-free anticoagulant preparation displaying anticoagulative but not fibrinolytic activity in vitro was isolated from peony. Electrophoretic, chromatographic, and spectral analyses revealed that this anticoagulant resembles animal heparin: it contains sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen in quantities characteristic of the latter. Plant heparin enhances anticoagulative and fibrinolytic plasma properties and decreases platelet aggregation. It may be used as a harmless and ecologically pure anticoagulant.