[Continuous intravenous anesthesia in dogs using a combination of xylazine, ketamine and guaifenesin]. / Kontinuální intravenózní antestézie psa smesí xylazinu, ketaminu a guaifenezinu.

The tested anaesthesia through a permanent infusion of a xylazine, ketamine and guaifenezine (XKG) mixture was used in ten experimental dogs without clinical signs of a disease and in fifty two patients during different surgical interventions. After joint i.m. atropine (0.05 mg/kg) and xylazine (2 mg/kg) premedication, anaesthesia in dogs was induced by an i.v. administration of 1% ketamine at a dose of 2 mg/kg, and the XKG was infused instantly after the previous treatment. The mixture contained 2.0 ml of 5% ketamine and 1.25 ml of 2% xylazine added to 100 ml of 5% guaifenezine. The infusion was applied at a rate of 3.3 ml/kg for the first five minutes and then it was maintained at constant values of 2.2 ml/kg during the whole surgical intervention (Tab. I). The induction and course of anaesthesia, and waking up and recovery from anaesthesia were evaluated in all dogs, and the trias values were also followed. These additional parameters were followed in the test group: breathing volumes, ECG values and acid-base balance parameters were determined from the collected blood samples. The observation of measurable parameters (Figs. 1 to 5) and ECG analysis did not demonstrate any large departures from the starting values, and the changes in the acid-base balance (Tab. II) suggest the partly compensated respiratory acidosis. On the basis of our results, we can recommend this tested method for general anaesthesia particularly of dogs of larger breeds and for longer-lasting operations. This method is suitable to be used first of all in the veterinary establishments where inhalation anaesthesia is not practicable.

[Use of xylazine and ketamine in the induction of halothane anesthesia in dogs]. / Pouzití xylazinu s ketaminem k úvodu halotanové anestézie u psa.

Our experience of the administration of xylazine and ketamine for an induction of halothane inhalation anaesthesia in dogs is described in this paper. After this procedure had been evaluated in 10 test dogs, the xylazine-ketamine induction was used for different surgical interventions in 160 patients. After joint i.m. atropine (0.05 mg/kg) and xylazine (1.5-2 mg/kg) pre-medication general anaesthesia of the dogs was induced by an i.v. administration of 1% ketamine (2 mg/kg). After intubation and anaesthetizer connection halothane vapours had to be applied for 2 to 8 minutes at a 2.5% to 3.5% concentration to induce the tolerance stage of anaesthesia. Then the anaesthesia level was maintained by an application of halothane vapours at a 0.5 to 1.5% concentration (Tab. I). In addition to an evaluation of the anaesthesia proper, breathing-rate, inspiratory and expiratory volumes, internal body temperature were recorded, ECG was made and venous blood samples were taken to evaluate acid-base balance changes. The processing of the obtained data (Figs. 1 to 5, Tab. II) revealed a transient breathing attenuation after the xylazine-ketamine induction and partly compensated respiratory acidosis. On the basis of our results this tested method can replace the traditional thiopental induction associated with the risks of cardiopulmonary depression, or even blood circulation stoppage.

[Evaluation of Elevent, a ventilator manufactured in Czechoslovakia for controlled ventilation during inhalation anesthesia in dogs]. / Overení ceskoslovenského ventilátoru Elvent pro rízenou ventilaci pri inhalacní narkóze u psa.

Controlled breathing during halothane inhalation anesthesia was tested experimentally in fifty clinically healthy test dogs. In the first group the breathing regime was evaluated when a new Czechoslovak electronic ventilator Elvent was used in the course of 120-minute anaesthesia in 10 dogs. In the second group controlled ventilation was used in 40 dogs in the course of 180-minute anaesthesia with an administration of pipecurium as muscle relaxant. In the course of these experiments a total of 28 parameters was investigated to evaluate the effects of the given breathing regimes on the dog organism. An evaluation of the dynamics of changes in the target parameters indicated that the following model of ventilation programme with these parameters was the best: breathing rate 15-20 breaths per min., per-minute breathing capacity 1.5-3.5 l per min., breathing capacity from 0.15 to 0.25 l, inspiration length 0.8 to 1.2 s and twofold expiration length.

[Changes in clinical, hematologic and biochemical indicators in controlled respiration during anesthesia in dogs]. / Zmeny klinických, hematologických a biochemických ukazatelu pri rízeném dýchání behem narkózy u psa.

Some clinico-biochemical parameters were investigated in fifty clinically healthy dogs in the course of controlled breathing in halothane inhalation anaesthesia to evaluate in a complex manner the dynamics of metabolic processes in the dog organism. The test dogs were divided into three groups. In the first test group, ECG and values of acid-base balance parameters in venous blood were followed in ten dogs. In the second test group, the values of blood gases were followed in addition to the above-mentioned parameters in twenty anesthetized dogs. In the third test group comprising twenty animals, acid-base parameters in arterial blood and blood gas tension were evaluated. Greatest divergences were recorded in pH values, blood gas tension and acid-base balance values. Partly compensated respiration acidosis was observed already in 30 minutes from the start of anaesthesia, as shown by complex evaluation. The results indicate that also in optimum ventilation programme it is necessary to apply infusion solutions to the internal environment of organism which will secure metabolic rebalancing in the course of artificial pulmonary ventilation.