ABSTRACT
A new method involves 2 stages: 1st, injection of three 10 ml boluses of 99mTc-pertechnetate through a dorsal vein of the foot with recording of 3 separate dynamic studies of venous flow in the calf, thigh and pelvis; and 2nd, static equilibrium venography (EV), which can be completed 15 min later after 99mTc-RBC labelling in vivo. The method was performed in 100 patients with suspected DVT. Due to the large pertechnetate bolus followed with 20-40 ml flush of normal saline, the flow study provides a significant improvement in filling of major calf veins, which makes this technique more similar to contrast phlebography. The flow study was found much more sensitive than EV, especially for calf DVT. However, EV, providing information about the unaffected leg, plays an important complementary role when the study is negative for DVT. In conclusion, both stages are recommended for routine examination of patients referred with suspected DVT.
Subject(s)
Erythrocytes , Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m , Technetium , Thrombophlebitis/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Angiography/methodsABSTRACT
A cytochemical method was used to measure total, ouabain insensitive and specific (Na-K)ATPase activities along the rat nephron. Enzyme activity was expressed as per cent of mean integrated extinction with reference to a calibrated filter. The lowest mean values of total, ouabain-insensitive, and (Na-K)ATPase activities were found in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), total and ouabain-insensitive activities (77.8 per cent and 45.8 per cent, respectively) were significantly higher than in the medullary thick ascending limb (MAL) (66.0 per cent and 24.6 per cent, respectively). Mean values of (Na-K)ATPase activity were significantly lower in DCT than in MAL (32.0 per cent and 41.3 per cent, respectively). Using Lineweaver-Burk plots, the KM ATP value for total ATPase activity was found to be 2.33, 1.79, and 3.63 mM in DCT, MAL, and PCT respectively. Maximal velocity was lower in PCT than in MAL and DCT. For (Na-K)ATPase, the smallest KM value was found in MAL (0.95 mM) and was 2.73 and 5.71 mM in DCT and PCT respectively. Maximal velocity was the highest in MAL (49.3 per cent), lower in DCT (36.1 per cent) and least in PCT (22.5 per cent). ATPase was measured in the MAL and DCT from rats fed a normal (N-Na+) or a high (Hi-Na+) sodium diet, and from Hi-Na+ rats one week after adrenalectomy (ADX). In the MAL, (Na-K)ATPase tended to be higher in Hi-Na+ than in rats, but was significantly lower in ADX than in Hi-Na+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/physiology , Nephrons/enzymology , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism , Adrenalectomy , Animals , Histocytochemistry , Kidney Medulla/enzymology , Kinetics , Male , Ouabain/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sodium/pharmacology , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Thyroxine turnover and transport studies were done on 20 patients in the acute phase of viral hepatitis. No significant changes in T4 degradation rate (k), the T4 distribution volume (V), and the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were found. A significant increase of T4 serum concentration and TBG capacity, and decrease of TBPA capacity were observed. A negative correlation between TBG and TBPA capacities was found. Significant interrelationships between TBG capacity and T4 serum levels as well as T4 turnover parameters were shown. The values of T4/TBG ratio were within normal range.
