Efficacy of dispersed fibrous carbon sorbent in treatment of malignant fungating wounds.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of dispersed fibrous carbon sorbent (DFCS) on malignant fungating wounds (MFWs) in Guerin's carcinoma-bearing rats with an assessment of wound bacterial microflora. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on female Wistar rats inoculated subcutaneously with Guerin T8 carcinoma into the upper interscapular region. On day 20, the tumors were infected by injecting the suspension of S. aureus 8325-4. After 24 h, gauze dressings were applied daily to the wounds in the control group and DFCS in the experimental one. The state of the wounds was assessed by visual control with photo monitoring, odor control on a verbal rating scale and microbiological analysis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of wound microbiota. RESULTS: On the 3rd day after the start of dressings, the number of S. aureus of 8325-4 strain was significantly higher in the wounds of rats in control group than experimental one (5.14 ± 0.27 vs 3.43 ± 0.33 lg CFU/ml). The total number of Staphylococci in the DFCS-treated wounds did not differ statistically from the number of S. aureus 8325-4 strain whereas in control ones were higher by an order of magnitude. On the 10th day the total number of Staphylococci and S. aureus 8325-4 in particular, remained consistently high in the wounds of the control rats, while was almost five orders of magnitude lower and represented mainly by S. aureus 8325-4 in the experimental ones. The total number of aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms was significantly lower as well. A greater variety of microorganisms in the gauze-covered wounds, as well as an their increased number were accompanied by enhancement of the wound odor from "noticeable" to "strong". There was an appearance of a "barely noticeable" odor in only one animal from the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The study has demonstrated the ability of DFCS to control substantially the bacterial microflora as well as malodor of MWFs in vivo. The results obtained can contribute to solving the problem of improving the quality of palliative care for patients with malignant and other chronic wounds.

Adsorptive therapy as a modificator for tumor-host interaction.

The potential of one of the adsorption methods, enterosorption (ES), using the new generation of carbon adsorbents to correct the negative manifestations of tumor-host interaction in the framework of paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) as well as systemic toxicity of chemo- and radiation therapy, is discussed. The ES influence on the development of PNS was demonstrated in C57/BL6 mice with transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma. Two-week administration of carbon enterosorbents resulted in a significant suppression of metastasis and correction of tumor-related anemia, activation of granulocytic line in the bone marrow with nearly 3-fold enhancement of its mitotic activity. ES exerted a positive influence on the structural-morphologic indexes and regenerative potential of kidneys and liver, mitigated manifestations of oxidative stress, decreased the level of endogenous intoxication, increased resistance of erythrocyte membranes and decreased ligand loading of blood plasma transport proteins. The effect of ES on anticancer activity and toxic reactions of cisplatin (CP) was evaluated in Guerin carcinoma-bearing rats. ES reduced significantly creatinine and other kidney biochemical indexes elevated in the blood plasma of rats after CP treatment. ES attenuated dystrophic changes in the histological structure of internal organs (kidney, liver, spleen), caused by tumor growth and significantly aggravated under the influence of CP. Such changes were specially traced in the kidneys and well reflect the nephroprotective potential of ES. In rats irradiated with X-ray in sublethal dose, highly activated granulated carbonic enterosorbents facilitated the restoration of white blood cells and lymphocyte count. The results obtained confirm the insights of academician R.E. Kavetsky predicting the future of adsorptive detoxification with activated carbons in the treatment of cancer patients.

Binding Potency of Heparin Immobilized on Activated Charcoal for DNA Antibodies.

In vitro experiments showed that heparin adsorbed on activated charcoal can bind antibodies raised against native and single-stranded DNA in a diluted sera pool with a high level of these DNA. Thus, heparin used as anticoagulant during hemosorption procedure can demonstrate supplementary therapeutic activity resulting from its interaction with various agents involved in acute and chronic inflammatory reactions such as DNA- and RNA-binding substances, proinflammatory cytokines, complement components, growth factors, etc. Research and development of heparin-containing carbonic adsorbents for the therapy of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases seems to be a promising avenue in hematology.

Carbon adsorbents in oncology: achievements and perspectives.

The results of own investigations and literature data are summarized to determine the place of the main methods of adsorption therapy in complex treatment of the patients with malignant tumors. New possibilities for the usage of new generation of carbon adsorbents and modern adsorptive technologies in cancer treatment are discussed.

Hemoperfusion through DNA-coated and uncoated synthetic activated charcoals as an additive to the bronchial asthma traditional treatment.

In this study the single session of small-volume (31) direct hemoperfusion (DHP) through uncoated (I group, 24 patients) and DNA-coated (II group, 17 patients) synthetic activated carbons has been investigated as an additive to the traditional medicamental treatment (III group, 22 patients) of the endogenous bronchial asthma. Significant amelioration of the main clinical and immunological indices in the patients of the I and II group in comparison with those of III group was noted. Between two DHP-including treatment modalities hemoimmunosorption onto DNA-coated activated charcoal is suggested as better.

[Efficacy of immunosorption in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: double blind controlled trial]. / Effektivnost' immunosorbtsii u bol'nykh sistemnoi krasnoi volchankoi: dvoinoe slepoe kontroliruemoe issledovanie.

Efficacy of immunosorption (IS) employing perfusion of whole blood through activated charcoal containing DNA was studied in 11 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 11 SLE patients exposed to hemosorption on charcoal free from DNA served as controls. When used in combination with intensive therapy (corticosteroids and cytostatic immunosuppressant), IS produced a positive effect on lupus nephritis symptoms in 8 out of 10 patients with kidney affection. AntiDNA antibodies blood level decreased by 53.6% after two IS procedures, while only by 36.4% after nonselective hemosorption. Reduced count and functional activity of B-cells recorded after IS contribute much to final outcome of the treatment.

Early experimental studies on hemoperfusion as a treatment modality for acute radiation disease.

First results of the studies on hemoperfusion therapy of acute radiation disease that were conducted in Kiev in 1976 are presented. In these studies, 69 mongrel dogs were exposed to irradiation at a dose of 525 rad (5.25 Gy). It was proved that hemoperfusion through uncoated synthetic activated carbons led to a noticeable increase in their survival rate, from 3.2% in the control group (n = 31) to 68.4% and 62.4% for the dogs that received extracorporeal treatment at 2 h (n = 19) and 24 h (n = 19) after irradiation, respectively.

DNA-coated carbon adsorbents experimental assessment and results of severe psoriasis treatment.

Newly developed combined adsorbents, containing from 1 to 8 mg of thymic DNA per 1 g of the granulated or the fibrous carbonic matrix, demonstrated good biocompatibility and selectivity for DNA- and DNP-binding substances. In a group of 14 patients with severe psoriasis (uncontrol trial) a single hemoperfusion procedure through DNA-coated granulated synthetic carbons (perfusion volume was 2.5-3.1 L, sorbent quantity was 30 g) resulted in complete remission in 6 patients and in substantial improvement of clinical status in 6 other patients. A positive effect was observed in 4 patients during 7-11 months; in 8 patients it is being observed for more than 29-33 months. The double-blind tests in the group of patients subjected to hemoperfusion through the DNA-coated charcoal (27 people) and uncoated charcoal (9 people) showed the full-scale remission in 55.5% and 11.2% respectively. The authors believe that the DNA-coated activated carbons can be an effective therapeutic procedure for treatment of numerous immuno-dependent diseases and states associated with disorders in the kinetics of cell division.