Prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in dental paediatric and orthodontic patients in Hungary.

Non-syndromic permanent canine agenesis, or combined with agenesis, or developmental absence of other tooth types, has occasionally been described in the literature, but isolated forms are rarely observed. The purpose of the present retrospective radiographic study was to provide data on the prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in the Hungarian population. Dental panoramic tomograms and the medical history data of 4417, 6- to 18-year-old children (average age 12 years, male-to-female ratio 1:1), who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary, were examined. Patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Chi-square and Fisher's tests were performed to determine statistical significance at a level of P < 0.05. Thirteen subjects had permanent canine agenesis. The overall prevalence was 0.29 per cent. The prevalence of permanent canine agenesis was 0.27 per cent in the maxilla and 0.09 per cent in the mandible (P < 0.01). The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.2. Dental anomalies associated with permanent canine agenesis were found: 11 patients had retention of the primary canines, 10 other types of agenesis of the permanent teeth, one a primary supernumerary tooth, one a supernumerary cusp, and nine occlusal disturbances.

Prevalence of accessory tooth cusps in a contemporary and ancestral Hungarian population.

Dental morphological characteristics are useful for providing information for phylogenic and genetic studies and understanding variations within and among species. Carabelli and talon cusps are expressed in several degrees and different frequencies between humans, thus being useful in comparing and characterizing populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and degree of expression of a Carabelli tubercle and talon cusps in a contemporary Hungarian population compared with similar findings in the dentition of skulls dating from the 11th century, the so-called Arpád-era. The data were collected by examination of dental plaster casts of 600 children aged 7-18 years (304 males, 296 females) undergoing orthodontic treatment. The dentitions of 147 skulls, dating from the 11th century, from the ancient Halimba-Cseres cemetery stored at the Hungarian Natural History Museum were also examined. The incidence and degree of expression of a Carabelli cusp was investigated for the upper first permanent molars and scored according to an eight-grade classification system. The talon cusps on the upper permanent lateral incisors were also examined. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of Carabelli cusps was 65.34 per cent in the contemporary and 34 per cent in the 11th century population (P < 0.01). The contemporary group showed a prevalence of talon cusps of 2.5 per cent compared with 40.8 per cent for the skills from the Arpád-era, which was significant (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that the contemporary Hungarian population is a mixture of European and Mongoloid races. The data are in agreement with linguistic evidence that shows that distant Hungarian ancestors belonged to the Finno-Ugrian family of people, whose habitats extended from the Baltic to the middle Urals.

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype with 24-h blood pressure abnormalities in normoalbuminuric children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

AIMS: To assess the distribution of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and to evaluate the association between ACE genotype and blood pressure (BP). METHODS: ACE genotypes were assessed in 124 normoalbuminuric, clinically normotensive Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents and 120 non-diabetic controls using polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was undertaken in all patients. RESULTS: ACE genotypes distributed in patients as follows: 34 (27%) DD, 57 (46%) ID, 33 (27%) II. The distribution was similar in the control group: DD in 28% (33), ID in 45% (54), and II in 27% (33). Patients with DD genotype had higher mean 24-h diastolic BP (73.8 +/- 6.2 vs. 70.2 +/- 5.0 and 69.7 +/- 6.3 mmHg; P = 0.005) and lower diurnal variation in BP (11.8 +/- 4.6 vs. 14.2 +/- 4.2 and 14.8 +/- 4.3%; P = 0.011) compared with ID and II groups. Four patients in the DD group proved to be non-dipper compared with one in the ID and none in the II group (P = 0.026). Twenty-four-hour diastolic blood pressure was independently predictive for AER as dependent variable in the DD genotype patient group (r(2) = 0.12, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes do not differ from the non-diabetic population regarding the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene. ACE gene polymorphism is associated with BP abnormalities in normotensive and normoalbuminuric children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

[The effect of captopril therapy on the degree of microalbuminuria in diabetic children and adolescents with incipient nephropathy]. / Captopril kezelés hatása a microalbuminuria mértékére incipiens nephropathiás gyermek-és serdülókorú cukorbetegekben.

In the present study the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril was studied in normotensive diabetic children and adolescents with persistent microalbuminuria (repeated albumin excretion rate higher than 30 mg/24 h). In 1993/1994, 15 microalbuminuric patients (age: 10-17 yrs, diabetes duration: 6.5 +/- 3.0 yrs) had been treated with captopril (0.9 mg/kg/day for a period of 13.1 +/- 4.4 months). In 1992/1993, 13 patients (age: 11-17 yrs, diabetes duration: 5.8 +/- 2.7 yrs, study period: 12.3 +/- 4.0 months) had not received captopril. Same restriction of the dietary protein intake was recommended in both groups (less than 10% of the total calorie intake). Timed 24-h urine samples were used to determine albumin excretion by an immunonephelometric method. Significant increase in microalbuminuria was observed in patients who had not received captopril during the study period (56.2 +/- 16.0 mg/24 h vs. 77.8 +/- 20.1 mg/24 h, p = 0.045). There was no change in microalbuminuria in the captopril treated group during the study period (60.6 +/- 19.5 mg/24 h vs. 60.4 +/- 25 mg/24 h, n. s.). No change in metabolic control and blood pressure was observed in the two groups during the study period. These results support that captopril treatment may prevent or delay the progression of incipient nephropathy in normotensive children and adolescents in diabetes.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis.

In 1884 Duncan was the first to report on acute postoperative acalculous cholecystitis (ref.: 14). Initial publications reported a small number of cases. Literary data have shown a change of the situation for the past few decades /16/. It was most frequently observed following surgical intervention, trauma, delivery or parenteral nutrition /1, 13, 16/. The number of new acalculous cholecystitis cases often requiring surgical intervention and causing death in elderly male patients has increased /5, 16/. Therefore we decided to undertake a clinical study. In Hungary the authors who deal with this theme are: Csengódy /2/, Sándor /17/, Lukács /12/ and Ezer et al. /3/.

[Preoperative diagnosis of breast tumors in our clinic]. / Az emlötumorok preoperativ diagnosztikája klinikánkon.

Between 1983 and 1988 197 patients underwent mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology procedure beside physical examination before operation for breast tumor in our clinic. The sensitivity of mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology were 81.9 and 66.1%, their specificities were 91.2 and 95%, the specificity of physical examination was 97.7%. When all three examinations indicated malignancy, this was confirmed by histology without exception. When the examinations showed benign lesion in concert, four of the 26 diagnoses were false, histology proved breast cancer smaller than 2 centimetres in diameter without lymph node metastases in each case. Those aspirations which were considered unsatisfactory because of the lack of cells supported the diagnosis of a benign tumor raised by physical examination and mammography. Our data indicate that the diagnosis yielded by the combination of the three examinations may support therapy more than it does in the present.