Flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) flour contributes to bone health in adult male rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated effects of flaxseed flour diet on bone health in adult Wistar male rats at 180 d. METHODS: After birth, pups were randomly assigned: Control (C, n = 12) and flaxseed flour (FF, n = 12) diet during lactation period. At 21 d, pups were weaned and they continued to receive the control and experimental diet, respectively. At 180 d, body length, total bone structure, and femur and lumbar vertebrae were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Femoral and lumbar vertebra dimensions, biomechanical properties of femur, and serum osteocalcin were measured. RESULTS: FF produced greater (P <0.05) total (+3.4%) and spine (+5.9%) bone mineral density, total (+10%) and spine (+12%) bone mineral content, total bone area (+8.7%), and osteocalcin (+82%). As to femur, FF produced greater (P <0.05) width of diaphysis (+8.1%), bone mineral density (+5.2%), maximum force (+10.6%), breaking strength (+12.9%), and stiffness (+23%). CONCLUSION: This experimental study found that a diet containing flaxseed flour contributed to bone mineral density and femur resistance at 180 d.

THE ACTION OF AVOCADO OIL ON THE LIPIDOGRAM OF WISTAR RATS SUBMITTED TO PROLONGED ANDROGENIC STIMULUM.

INTRODUCTION: the abuse of steroid hormones administered in chronic form may cause alterations in the lypidic profile, conveying na increase in the levels of LDL, and reduction in the levels of HDL. In average, 53.44% of the lypidic composition of the avocado core is composed of oleic acid (which is a phytosterol) and the study of the hypolipemiating effect of these substances has been performed aiming at the prevention and control of dislypidemias. OBJECTIVE: to assess the potential hypolipemiant power of the avocado oil on the lypidogram of adult male Wistar rats submitted to prolonged androgenic hiperestimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: twenty eight Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups of 7 animals: the control group (CG); Avocado Oil Group (AOG) fed with a staple based on Avocado Oil; Induced Grupo (IG); and the Induced Grupo fed with a staple based on Avocado Oil (AOIG). The inducing was performed through surgery to subcutaneously implant sillicon pellets suffed with 1 ml of testosterone propionate which were replaced at every 4 weeks. RESULTS: VLDL (AOIG: 28.14 ± 4.45; IG:36.83 ± 5.56 mg/ml); Triglicerides (AOIG: 140.07 ± 22.66; IG: 187.2 ± 27 mg/ml); HDL (AOIG: 40, 67 ± 1.2; GI: 35.09 ± 0.8; AOG: 32.31 ± 2.61 e CG: 32.36 ± 4.93 mg/ml) Testosterone (AOIG:1.42 ± 0.46; GI: 2.14 ± 0.88; AOG: 2.97 ± 1.34 e CG:1.86 ± 0.79 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: avocado Oil exerted a direct regulating effect on the lypidic profile, acting efficiently on animals submmited to androgenic stimulation through a prolonged period.

Introducción: el uso abusivo de hormonas esteroides administradas crónicamente puede ocasionar cambios en el perfil lipídico, lo que lleva a un aumento de LDL y niveles reducidos de HDL. El promedio (53,44%) de la composición de lípidos de la pulpa de aguacate está compuesto por ácido oleico (que es un fitosterol), y el estudio del efecto hipolipemiante de estas sustancias se ha celebrado para la prevención y el control de la dislipemia. Objetivo: evaluar el potencial de reducción de lípidos del aceite de aguacate en ratones Wistar machos adultos sometidos a hiperestimulación androgénica prolongada. Material y métodos: veintiocho ratas se dividieron en 4 grupos de 7 animales: Grupo Control (GC); Grupo de Aceite de Aguacate (GOA), alimentado a base de aceite de aguacate; Grupo Inducido (GI) y el grupo alimentado con base de aceite de aguacate inducida por la dieta (GIOA). La indución fue hecha mediante perdigones de silicona subcutáneos, implantados por cirugía, llenos de 1 ml de propionato de testosterona, que fueron cambiados cada 4 semanas. Resultados: VLDL (GIOA: 28,14 ± 4,45; GI: 36,83 ± 5,56 mg/ml); triglicéridos (GIOA: 140.07 ± 22.66, GI 187: 2 ± 27 mg/ml); HDL (GIOA: 40,67 ± 1,2; GI: 35,09 ± 0,8; GOA: 32,31 ± 2,61 eGC: 32,36 ± 4,93 mg/ml); testosterona (GIOA: 1,42 ± 0,46; GI: 2,14 ± 0,88; GOA: 2,97 ± 1,34 eGC: 1,86 ± 0,79 ng/ml). Conclusión: El aceite de aguacate ha tenido un efecto regulador directo sobre el perfil lipídico, actuando eficazmente en los animales sometidos a estimulación de andrógenos durante períodos prolongados.

Impact of a high-fat diet containing canola or soybean oil on body development and bone; parameters in adult male rats.

INTRODUCTION: The role of the fatty acid in the prevention or progression of chronic diseases has generated significant interest on the part of researchers. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of high-fat diet containing soybean or canola oil on body development and bone parameters of male rats. METHODS: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S) or a high-fat diet containing soybean (19S) or canola oil (19C). Femur and lumbar vertebra (LV4) structure were determined at 180 days by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. RESULTS: The groups showed similar food intake, body mass and length development. The bone parameters of the 19C were similar to the control group, while the 19S showed lower bone parameters when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The high-fat diet containing soybean oil was unfavorable to bone structure, while the canola oil contributed bone health during the adult stage of life.

Introducción: El papel del ácido graso en la prevención o la progresión de las enfermedades crónicas ha generado un interés significativo por parte de los investigadores. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos a largo plazo de la dieta alta en grasas que contienen soja o aceite de canola en los parámetros de desarrollo del cuerpo y los huesos de ratas macho. Métodos: Después del destete, las ratas se agruparon y se alimentaron con una dieta control (7S) o una dieta alta en grasa que contiene soja (19S) o aceite de canola (19C). Fémur y vértebras lumbares (LV4) estructura se determinaron a los 180 días por absorciometría dual de rayos X y tomografía computarizada. Resultados: Los grupos mostraron similares ingesta de alimentos, la masa corporal y el desarrollo de longitud. Los parámetros óseos de la 19C fueron similares al grupo control, mientras que los 19S mostró parámetros óseos inferiores en comparación con los otros grupos. Conclusiones: La dieta alta en grasas que contiene aceite de soja fue desfavorable a la estructura ósea, mientras que el aceite de canola contribuyó salud de los huesos en la etapa adulta de la vida.

Effect of the "protein diet" and bone tissue.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the hyperproteic diet consumption on bone tissue. METHODS: The study was conducted during sixty days. Twenty eight Wistar albinus rats, adults, originated from Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition were divided in four groups: (n = 7); Control 1 (C1), Control 2 (C2), Hyperproteic 1 (HP1) e Hyperproteic 2 (HP2). The C2 and HP2 groups were submitted to 30% of food restriction. The hyperproteic diet was based on the Atkins diet and prepared to simulate the protein diet. At the end of the study the animals were anesthetized to performer bone densitometry analyses by DEXA and blood and tissue collection. Serum and bone minerals analyses were conducted by colorimetric methods in automated equipment. RESULTS: The total bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis and the spine of the food restriction groups (HP2 e C2) were lower (p < 0.05) than C1 e HP1 groups. While the femur BMD of the HP2 was lower (p < 0.05) related to others groups. It had been observed reduction (p < 0.05) in the medium point of the width of femur diaphysis and in bone calcium level in the hyperproteic groups (HP1 e HP2). It was observed similar effect on the osteocalcin level, that presented lower (p < 0.05) in the hyperproteic groups. The insulin level was lower only in HP2 and serum calcium of the HP1 and HP2 groups was lower than C1. CONCLUSION: The protein diet promotes significant bone change on femur and in the hormones levels related to bone synthesis and maintenance of this tissue.

The intake effects of Cyssus sicyoides drink on body mass, glycemia and femur parameters in male rats.

BACKGROUND: The Cissus sicyoides, popularly called insulin plant, the drink is widely used in folk medicine to control glycemia. However, there are not enough datas about the effect of Cissus sicyoides on bone physiology. Thus, the goal was evaluate the glycemia and femur parameters in male rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar male rats with 12 weeks were divided control group (C) and treated with 5% of Cissus sicyoides (CS). After 42 days of treatment the groups were sacrificed and the body mass (g), glycemia, body organs and femur parameters were assessed. RESULTS: In the last week the CS group showed significantly lower body mass and lower glycemia. After 42 days the CS showed heart and liver mass were significantly lower. In regard to bone paramaters, the mass and BMD of femur were significantly lower in CS group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the Cissus sicyoides drink decrease the glycemia, nevertheless it intake does not seem unfavorable for bone parameters.

Antecedentes: Los sicyoides Cissus, popularmente llamada planta de insulina, la bebida es ampliamente utilizado en la medicina popular para el control de la glucemia. Sin embargo, no hay datas suficientes sobre el efecto de sicyoides Cissus en la fisiología ósea. Por lo tanto, el objetivo era evaluar la glucemia y los parámetros de fémur en ratas macho. Material y métodos: Ratas Wistar macho con 12 semanas se dividió el grupo control (C) y se trata con un 5% de sicyoides Cissus (CS). Después de 42 días de tratamiento, los grupos fueron sacrificados y la masa corporal (g), la glucemia, los órganos del cuerpo y el fémur parámetros fueron evaluados. Resultados: En la última semana el grupo CS mostraron significativamente menor masa corporal y baja la glucemia. Después de 42 días el CS mostró corazón y de la masa del hígado fueron significativamente menores. En lo que respecta a Paramaters ósea, la masa y la BMD del fémur fueron significativamente inferiores en el grupo CS. Conclusiones: A pesar de la bebida Cissus sicyoides disminuir la glucemia, sin embargo la ingesta no parece desfavorable para los parámetros óseos.

The intake effects of Cyssus sicyoides drink on body mass, glycemia and femur parameters in male rats / Efectos de la bebida de Cyssus Sicyoides sobre masa corporal, glucemia y parámetros del fémur en ratas macho

BACKGROUND: The Cissus sicyoides, popularly called insulin plant, the drink is widely used in folk medicine to control glycemia. However, there are not enough datas about the effect of Cissus sicyoides on bone physiology. Thus, the goal was evaluate the glycemia and femur parameters in male rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar male rats with 12 weeks were divided control group (C) and treated with 5% of Cissus sicyoides (CS). After 42 days of treatment the groups were sacrificed and the body mass (g), glycemia, body organs and femur parameters were assessed.RESULTS: In the last week the CS group showed significantly lower body mass and lower glycemia. After 42 days the CS showed heart and liver mass were significantly lower. In regard to bone paramaters, the mass and BMD of femur were significantly lower in CS group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the Cissus sicyoides drink decrease the glycemia, nevertheless it intake does not seem unfavorable for bone parameters (AU)

Antecedentes: Los sicyoides Cissus, popularmente llamada planta de insulina, la bebida es ampliamente utilizado en la medicina popular para el control de la glucemia. Sin embargo, no hay datas suficientes sobre el efecto de sicyoides Cissus en la fisiología ósea. Por lo tanto, el objetivo era evaluar la glucemia y los parámetros de fémur en ratas macho. Material y métodos: Ratas Wistar macho con 12 semanas se dividió el grupo control (C) y se trata con un 5% de sicyoides Cissus (CS). Después de 42 días de tratamiento, los grupos fueron sacrificados y la masa corporal (g), la glucemia, los órganos del cuerpo y el fémur parámetros fueron evaluados. Resultados: En la última semana el grupo CS mostraron significativamente menor masa corporal y baja la glucemia. Después de 42 días el CS mostró corazón y de la masa del hígado fueron significativamente menores. En lo que respecta a Paramaters ósea, la masa y la BMD del fémur fueron significativamente inferiores en el grupo CS. Conclusiones: A pesar de la bebida Cissus sicyoides disminuir la glucemia, sin embargo la ingesta no parece desfavorable para los parámetros óseos (AU)

Fat tissue morphology of long-term sex steroid deficiency and estrogen treatment in female rats.

After long-term estradiol deficiency, female rats displayed body mass gain accompanied by an increase in the size of adipocytes, an increase in hyperglycemia, and a decrease in insulinemia. The effects were reversed by daily estradiol treatment. Adiposity was suggested by the increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in castrated rats, whereas the proliferative effect of estradiol was suggested by the increased fibronectin expression in treated rats.

Evaluation of body development, fat mass and lipid profile in rats fed with high-PUFA and -MUFA diets, after neonatal malnutrition.

Neonatal malnutrition is associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome, later in life. Although the recovery of malnutrition was studied with different high-fat diets, few studies compare the effects of enriched vegetable oil diets, containing PUFA and MUFA, after weaning. Our aim was to evaluate the recovery with soya oil- or rapeseed oil-enriched diet, after malnutrition in rats whose mothers were food restricted (FR) during lactation. Dams were 50 % FR and compared to standard diet-fed dams (control, C). At 21 d, FR offspring had a lower body mass and length. After weaning C and FR offspring were fed a diet containing 7 % soya oil (7 %sC and 7 %sFR), or supplemented with 19 % soya oil (19 %sC or 19 %sFR) or 19 % rapeseed oil (19 %cC or 19 %cFR). The normal animals fed enriched vegetable oil diets had more visceral fat mass, but lower serum TAG and higher HDL-cholesterol. The 19 %FR groups showed significantly less food intake and body development compared to the 7 %sFR, and the same pattern was observed when this group was compared to the C groups. Absolute and relative mass of vital organs and body were lower in the FR groups. Visceral fat depot was lower in 19 %FR than 7 %FR and C groups. Serum glucose, albumin, TAG, cholesterol, leptin and triiodothyronine did not show significant changes. However, 19 %FR groups showed higher HDL-cholesterol and the 19 %sFR group showed lower serum thyroxine. The data suggest that a higher vegetable oil diet in the recovery of neonatal malnutrition ameliorates some features of the metabolic syndrome later in life.