ABSTRACT
Abstract Lymeon Förster, 1869 is a very large genus of the Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) with predominantly Neotropical distribution where females attack small cocoons of various groups of insects and spider eggs-sac. In the present study, we report the first record the interaction between the parasitoid wasp Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), with eggs-sac of spider Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) in Northeastern Brazil. We observed that although the female of A. vincibilis cares for the eggs that were attacked by Lymeon sp, the wasp larva consumed about 80% of spider eggs, indicating that both maternal care and the physical barrier offered by the eggs-sac may not provide absolute defense against predators.
Resumo Lymeon Förster, 1869 é um grande gênero de Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) com distribuição predominantemente neotropical, onde fêmeas atacam pequenos casulos de vários grupos de insetos e ovissacos de aranha. No presente estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro da interação entre a vespa parasitoide Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), com o ovissaco da aranha Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) no Nordeste do Brasil. Observamos que, embora a fêmea de A. vincibilis cuide dos ovos que foram atacados por Lymeon sp, a larva da vespa consumiu cerca de 80% dos ovos da aranha, indicando que tanto o cuidado maternal quanto a barreira física oferecida pelo ovissaco não podem fornecer defesa absoluta contra predadores.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Spiders , Wasps , Brazil , LarvaABSTRACT
Lymeon Förster, 1869 is a very large genus of the Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) with predominantly Neotropical distribution where females attack small cocoons of various groups of insects and spider eggs-sac. In the present study, we report the first record the interaction between the parasitoid wasp Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), with eggs-sac of spider Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) in Northeastern Brazil. We observed that although the female of A. vincibilis cares for the eggs that were attacked by Lymeon sp, the wasp larva consumed about 80% of spider eggs, indicating that both maternal care and the physical barrier offered by the eggs-sac may not provide absolute defense against predators.
Subject(s)
Spiders , Wasps , Animals , Brazil , Female , LarvaABSTRACT
Lymeon Fõrster, 1869 is a very large genus of the Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) with predominantly Neotropical distribution where females attack small cocoons of various groups of insects and spider eggs-sac. In the present study, we report the first record the interaction between the parasitoid wasp Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), with eggs-sac of spider Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) in Northeastern Brazil. We observed that although the female of A. vincibilis cares for the eggs that were attacked by Lymeon sp, the wasp larva consumed about 80% of spider eggs, indicating that both maternal care and the physical barrier offered by the eggs-sac may not provide absolute defense against predators.(AU)
Lymeon Fõrster, 1869 é um grande gênero de Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) com distribuição predominantemente neotropical, onde fêmeas atacam pequenos casulos de vários grupos de insetos e ovissacos de aranha. No presente estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro da interação entre a vespa parasitoide Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), com o ovissaco da aranha Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) no Nordeste do Brasil. Observamos que, embora a fêmea de A. vincibilis cuide dos ovos que foram atacados por Lymeon sp, a larva da vespa consumiu cerca de 80% dos ovos da aranha, indicando que tanto o cuidado maternal quanto a barreira física oferecida pelo ovissaco não podem fornecer defesa absoluta contra predadores.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Wasps/classification , Wasps/parasitology , Spiders , BiodiversityABSTRACT
Abstract Lymeon Förster, 1869 is a very large genus of the Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) with predominantly Neotropical distribution where females attack small cocoons of various groups of insects and spider eggs-sac. In the present study, we report the first record the interaction between the parasitoid wasp Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), with eggs-sac of spider Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) in Northeastern Brazil. We observed that although the female of A. vincibilis cares for the eggs that were attacked by Lymeon sp, the wasp larva consumed about 80% of spider eggs, indicating that both maternal care and the physical barrier offered by the eggs-sac may not provide absolute defense against predators.
Resumo Lymeon Förster, 1869 é um grande gênero de Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) com distribuição predominantemente neotropical, onde fêmeas atacam pequenos casulos de vários grupos de insetos e ovissacos de aranha. No presente estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro da interação entre a vespa parasitoide Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), com o ovissaco da aranha Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) no Nordeste do Brasil. Observamos que, embora a fêmea de A. vincibilis cuide dos ovos que foram atacados por Lymeon sp, a larva da vespa consumiu cerca de 80% dos ovos da aranha, indicando que tanto o cuidado maternal quanto a barreira física oferecida pelo ovissaco não podem fornecer defesa absoluta contra predadores.
ABSTRACT
Wasps of the Polysphincta genus-group (sensuWahl and Gauld, 1998 or Polysphinctini sensu Towens, 1969) presents more than 200 described species ( Matsumoto, 2016 ) exclusively koinobiont ectoparasitoids of several spider families ( Dubois et al., 2002 ; Gauld and Dubois, 2006 ; Matsumoto, 2016 ). Most of taxonomic descriptions of polysphinctine wasps were based on female individuals, principally due to the presence of the ovipositor (see Gauld, 1991 ; Gauld et al., 1998 , 2002 ). Meantime, some interactions of these hymenopteran with spiders were documented only with emerged males (e. g. Sobczak et al., 2011 , 2017 ; Sobczak, 2012 ), hindering the association between males and females within the group. Sobczak et al. (2017) emphasized the importance of detailed descriptions of male genitalia to support future reviews and phylogenetic studies. Within Polysphincta group, Hymenoepimecis Viereck, 1912 (Ichneumonidae) wasps occur in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Southern of Brazil ( Gauld, 2000 ; Gauld and Dubois, 2006 ; Gonzaga and Sobczak, 2007 ; Loffredo and Penteado-Dias, 2009 ; Sobczak et al., 2009 ; Pádua et al., 2015 ). The species of this genus are characterized by the presence of a pocket-like structure on the pronotum; a mesopleuron with epicnemial carina vestigial or absent; the absence of the vein 3 rs-m in fore wing ( Gauld, 1991 ); yellowish brown color and large ocelli ( Gauld and Dubois, 2006 ). Currently, Hymenoepimecis is composed by 20 valid species ( Yu et al., 2012 ; Pádua et al., 2015 ), of which 12 are known as parasitoids of spiders (summarized in Pádua et al., 2016 ). Regarding these interactions, it is known that the larva of some wasp species can induce the host spider to construct a modified web (cocoon web), which is subsequently used as substrate for the wasp larvas cocoon ( Eberhard, 2000a , b , 2001 ; Sobczak et al., 2009 , 2014 ; Gonzaga et al., 2010 ;). The modified web is usually more stable and resistant than the normal web, increasing the wasp survival ( Eberhard, 2001 ). Gonzaga et al. (2010) described the interaction involving the spider Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) (Araneidae) and the wasp Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846), which follows the pattern of behavioral manipulation described above ( Gonzaga et al., 2010 ).(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Wasps/anatomy & histology , Wasps/classification , Wasps/growth & development , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Abstract Lymeon Förster, 1869 is a very large genus of the Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) with predominantly Neotropical distribution where females attack small cocoons of various groups of insects and spider eggs-sac. In the present study, we report the first record the interaction between the parasitoid wasp Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), with eggs-sac of spider Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) in Northeastern Brazil. We observed that although the female of A. vincibilis cares for the eggs that were attacked by Lymeon sp, the wasp larva consumed about 80% of spider eggs, indicating that both maternal care and the physical barrier offered by the eggs-sac may not provide absolute defense against predators.
Resumo Lymeon Förster, 1869 é um grande gênero de Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae) com distribuição predominantemente neotropical, onde fêmeas atacam pequenos casulos de vários grupos de insetos e ovissacos de aranha. No presente estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro da interação entre a vespa parasitoide Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae), com o ovissaco da aranha Araneus vincibilis (Araneidae) no Nordeste do Brasil. Observamos que, embora a fêmea de A. vincibilis cuide dos ovos que foram atacados por Lymeon sp, a larva da vespa consumiu cerca de 80% dos ovos da aranha, indicando que tanto o cuidado maternal quanto a barreira física oferecida pelo ovissaco não podem fornecer defesa absoluta contra predadores.
ABSTRACT
Some parasitoids build a cocoon mass that hangs in the host body until the adults emergence, which is an advantage against attack by predators who troll the vegetation in search of prey. However, such behaviour is not effective against the hyperparasitoid attacks. This study reports the interaction between the caterpillar Manduca sexta Linnaeus, 1763 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) parasitised by Meteorus sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) larvae and its hyperparasitoid Toxeumella albipes (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). This is the first description of the attack and oviposition of T. albipes.
Subject(s)
Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology , Hymenoptera/physiology , Lepidoptera/parasitology , Oviposition/physiology , Animals , FemaleABSTRACT
The wasp Hymenoepimecis silvanae Loffredo and Penteado-Dias, 2009, was recorded parasitising females of Araneus venatrix. The male of H. silvanae is described and illustrated. Specimens were collected in the Parque Estadual de Intervales and Reserva Biológica Serra do Japi, both located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Subject(s)
Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology , Spiders/parasitology , Wasps/physiology , Animals , Female , Male , Wasps/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
The male of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) is described and illustrated. The specimen was collected in a modified web (cocoon web) of Leucauge roseosignata (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) made in a laboratory. Both, host and parasitoid were collected in Reserva Biológica Serra do Japi, located in Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil.
Subject(s)
Host-Parasite Interactions , Spiders/parasitology , Wasps/anatomy & histology , Animals , Brazil , Male , Wasps/classificationABSTRACT
Este é um estudo pioneiro envolvendo a fauna de parasitoides da região Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, além de ser um dos poucos realizados em um fragmento de Cerrado. Em um período de 20 dias, foi realizado o levantamento dos himenópteros parasitoides utilizando três métodos de captura: Malaise, Mõricke e varredura na vegetação. Foram encontrados parasitoides de sete superfamílias distribuídos em 27 famílias, sendo as mais abundantes Ichneumonidae e Ceraphronidae. Nenhum método de captura coletou todas as famílias encontradas, comprovando que o uso conjunto dos três métodos é o ideal para um estudo de levantamento da fauna de himenópteros parasitoides de uma região ou fragmento. As vespas parasitoides atuam como agentes de controle biológico e polinizadores, assim, ainda que pequeno (apenas 16 ha), o fragmento amostrado desempenha importantes funções ambientais, demonstrando a relevância de manter fragmentos de matas nativas próximos às plantações. (AU)
PARASITOID WASP FAUNA (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA) COLLECTED IN A FRAGMENT OF CERRADO, JATAÍ, GOIÁS, BRAZIL. This is a pioneering study involving the fauna of parasitoids in the southwestern region of Goiás State, Brazil, besides being one of the few conducted in a fragment of Cerrado. In a period of 20 days, hymenopteran parasitoids were colleted using three methods of capture: Malaise, Mõricke and sweep net in the vegetation. Parasitoids of 7 superfamilies were found, distributed in 27 families, the most abundant being Ichneumonidae and Ceraphronidae. No method of capturing collected all the families present, showing that the combined use of three of these methods is ideal for a study of fauna survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of a region or fragment. Parasitoid wasps act as biological agents and pollinators, thus, even if small (only 16 ha), the sample fragment performed important environmental functions and demonstrated the importance of maintaining native forest fragments near the crops/plantations (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Fauna/analysis , Pest Control, Biological , Parasites/parasitology , Biodiversity , Wasps/classification , Hymenoptera/classificationABSTRACT
Este é um estudo pioneiro envolvendo a fauna de parasitoides da região Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, além de ser um dos poucos realizados em um fragmento de Cerrado. Em um período de 20 dias, foi realizado o levantamento dos himenópteros parasitoides utilizando três métodos de captura: Malaise, Mõricke e varredura na vegetação. Foram encontrados parasitoides de sete superfamílias distribuídos em 27 famílias, sendo as mais abundantes Ichneumonidae e Ceraphronidae. Nenhum método de captura coletou todas as famílias encontradas, comprovando que o uso conjunto dos três métodos é o ideal para um estudo de levantamento da fauna de himenópteros parasitoides de uma região ou fragmento. As vespas parasitoides atuam como agentes de controle biológico e polinizadores, assim, ainda que pequeno (apenas 16 ha), o fragmento amostrado desempenha importantes funções ambientais, demonstrando a relevância de manter fragmentos de matas nativas próximos às plantações.
PARASITOID WASP FAUNA (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA) COLLECTED IN A FRAGMENT OF CERRADO, JATAÍ, GOIÁS, BRAZIL. This is a pioneering study involving the fauna of parasitoids in the southwestern region of Goiás State, Brazil, besides being one of the few conducted in a fragment of Cerrado. In a period of 20 days, hymenopteran parasitoids were colleted using three methods of capture: Malaise, Mõricke and sweep net in the vegetation. Parasitoids of 7 superfamilies were found, distributed in 27 families, the most abundant being Ichneumonidae and Ceraphronidae. No method of capturing collected all the families present, showing that the combined use of three of these methods is ideal for a study of fauna survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of a region or fragment. Parasitoid wasps act as biological agents and pollinators, thus, even if small (only 16 ha), the sample fragment performed important environmental functions and demonstrated the importance of maintaining native forest fragments near the crops/plantations
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Pest Control, Biological , Fauna/analysis , Parasites/parasitology , Hymenoptera/classification , Wasps/classificationABSTRACT
This is a pioneering study involving the fauna of parasitoids in the southwestern region of Goiás State, Brazil, besides being one of the few conducted in a fragment of Cerrado. In a period of 20 days, hymenopteran parasitoids were colleted using three methods of capture: Malaise, Möricke and sweep net in the vegetation. Parasitoids of 7 superfamilies were found, distributed in 27 families, the most abundant being Ichneumonidae and Ceraphronidae. No method of capturing collected all the families present, showing that the combined use of three of these methods is ideal for a study of fauna survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of a region or fragment. Parasitoid wasps act as biological agents and pollinators, thus, even if small (only 16 ha), the sample fragment performed important environmental functions and demonstrated the importance of maintaining native forest fragments near the crops/plantations.
Este é um estudo pioneiro envolvendo a fauna de parasitoides da região Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, além de ser um dos poucos realizados em um fragmento de Cerrado. Em um período de 20 dias, foi realizado o levantamento dos himenópteros parasitoides utilizando três métodos de captura: Malaise, Möricke e varredura na vegetação. Foram encontrados parasitoides de sete superfamílias distribuídos em 27 famílias, sendo as mais abundantes Ichneumonidae e Ceraphronidae. Nenhum método de captura coletou todas as famílias encontradas, comprovando que o uso conjunto dos três métodos é o ideal para um estudo de levantamento da fauna de himenópteros parasitoides de uma região ou fragmento. As vespas parasitoides atuam como agentes de controle biológico e polinizadores, assim, ainda que pequeno (apenas 16 ha), o fragmento amostrado desempenha importantes funções ambientais, demonstrando a relevância de manter fragmentos de matas nativas próximos às plantações.
ABSTRACT
This is a pioneering study involving the fauna of parasitoids in the southwestern region of Goiás State, Brazil, besides being one of the few conducted in a fragment of Cerrado. In a period of 20 days, hymenopteran parasitoids were colleted using three methods of capture: Malaise, Möricke and sweep net in the vegetation. Parasitoids of 7 superfamilies were found, distributed in 27 families, the most abundant being Ichneumonidae and Ceraphronidae. No method of capturing collected all the families present, showing that the combined use of three of these methods is ideal for a study of fauna survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of a region or fragment. Parasitoid wasps act as biological agents and pollinators, thus, even if small (only 16 ha), the sample fragment performed important environmental functions and demonstrated the importance of maintaining native forest fragments near the crops/plantations.
Este é um estudo pioneiro envolvendo a fauna de parasitoides da região Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, além de ser um dos poucos realizados em um fragmento de Cerrado. Em um período de 20 dias, foi realizado o levantamento dos himenópteros parasitoides utilizando três métodos de captura: Malaise, Möricke e varredura na vegetação. Foram encontrados parasitoides de sete superfamílias distribuídos em 27 famílias, sendo as mais abundantes Ichneumonidae e Ceraphronidae. Nenhum método de captura coletou todas as famílias encontradas, comprovando que o uso conjunto dos três métodos é o ideal para um estudo de levantamento da fauna de himenópteros parasitoides de uma região ou fragmento. As vespas parasitoides atuam como agentes de controle biológico e polinizadores, assim, ainda que pequeno (apenas 16 ha), o fragmento amostrado desempenha importantes funções ambientais, demonstrando a relevância de manter fragmentos de matas nativas próximos às plantações.