ABSTRACT
This comprehensive study examines fossil remains from Niedzwiedzia Cave in the Eastern Sudetes, offering detailed insights into the palaeobiology and adversities encountered by the Pleistocene cave bear Ursus spelaeus ingressus. Emphasising habitual cave use for hibernation and a primarily herbivorous diet, the findings attribute mortality to resource scarcity during hibernation and habitat fragmentation amid climate shifts. Taphonomic analysis indicates that the cave was extensively used by successive generations of bears, virtually unexposed to the impact of predators. The study also reveals that alkaline conditions developed in the cave during the post-depositional taphonomic processes. Mortality patterns, notably among juveniles, imply dwindling resources, indicative of environmental instability. Skeletal examination reveals a high incidence of forelimb fractures, indicating risks during activities like digging or confrontations. Palaeopathological evidence unveils vulnerabilities to tuberculosis, abscesses, rickets, and injuries, elucidating mobility challenges. The cave's silts exhibit a high zinc concentration, potentially derived from successive bear generations consuming zinc-rich plants. This study illuminates the lives of late cave bears, elucidating unique environmental hurdles faced near their species' end.
Subject(s)
Caves , Fossils , Ursidae , Animals , Poland , Ursidae/physiology , Paleopathology , Ecosystem , PaleontologyABSTRACT
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) may be used as a single optical component with dedicated functionality (e.g. focusing), or as one of the elements in complex hybrid optical systems to reduce the number of the elements and improve imaging quality. It is desirable to cover DOE's surface with antireflective coating. In this paper, we show the results of simulations using the Fourier modal method and measure the efficiency of a diffractive lens with antireflective (AR) coating. Results were compared with a previously proposed model of AR covered DOE by Mao et al. [Opt. Express25, 11673 (2017)10.1364/OE.25.011673]. Contrary to the previously published model, we have not observed a shift of the efficiency curve. Our findings prove that AR coatings improve the efficiency of DOEs and it is not necessary to take them into account when calculating optimal profile height.
ABSTRACT
Dancing mania is a clinical and cultural phenomenon which occurred in Western Europe between 13th and 18th centuries. The term dancing mania is derived from the Greek words choros, a dance, and mania, a madness. An Italian variant was known as tarantism as victims were believed to have been bitten by tarantula spider. Although symptoms of dancing manias were well documented in contemporary writings the exact aetiology of dancing plaques is still unclear. Several causes for dancing mania have been postulated: demonic possession, the bite of tarantula, ergot poisoning, epilepsy, mass hysterias, exotics religious cults. The article contains a review of hypothesis of epidemic dances included both medical and psychological factors.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/history , Dancing/history , Ergotism/history , Mass Behavior , Europe , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Spider Bites/historyABSTRACT
The Jerusalem syndrome is an acute psychotic state observed in tourists and pilgrims who visit Jerusalem. The main symptom of this disorder is identification with a character from the Bible and exhibiting behaviours which seems to be typical for this character. The article presents an overview of cultural and demographic factors associated with the appearance of the Jerusalem syndrome. Three main categories of the syndrome were identified with special focus on the category unconjoined to previous psychopathology which can be described as the 'pure' form of the Jerusalem syndrome. The main diagnostic criteria for the 'pure' type and the sequence of seven clinical stages of the Jerusalem syndrome were described. The article contains a review of the hypothesis about the causes of Jerusalem syndrome with special attention given to the role of places of particular meaning for religious tradition.
Subject(s)
Christianity , Fantasy , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Religion and Psychology , Cultural Characteristics , Delusions , Female , Humans , Israel , Male , Syndrome , TravelABSTRACT
The article presents the results of post-stroke rehabilitation of patients with brain dysfunctions causing cognitive impairments such as problems with concentrating, reasoning, logical thinking, and memory. Some of those patients suffered from various forms of aphasia as well. The holistic rehabilitation of the stroke patients was aided by specially designed computer systems offering an array of varied multimedia tasks. The research results presented below confirm the usability of the suggested method.
Subject(s)
Holistic Health , Multimedia , Stroke Rehabilitation , Aphasia/rehabilitation , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The rehabilitation of patients after a stroke must provide polisensoric cognitive therapy. A specially designed computer/information system suits well to these requirements and offers a complementary and holistic treatment, which can be used in a rehabilitation center and later at the patient's home.
