ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis of fetal vessels is one of the main methods for evaluating fetus health before labor. Doppler waves of middle cerebral artery (MCA) can predict most of the at risk fetuses in high risk pregnancies. In this study, we tried to obtain normal values and their nomograms during pregnancy for Doppler flow velocity indices of MCA in 20-40 weeks of normal pregnancies in Iranian population and compare their pattern with other countries' nomograms. METHODS: During present descriptive cross-sectional study, 1037 normal pregnant women with 20th-40th week gestational age were underwent MCA Doppler study. All cases were studied by gray scale ultrasonography initially and Doppler of MCA afterward. Resistive Index (RI), Pulsative Index (PI), Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D ratio), and Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) values of MCA were determined for all of the subjects. RESULTS: Results of present study showed that RI, PI, S/D ratio values of MCA decreased with parabolic pattern and PSV value increased with simple pattern, as gestational age progressed. These changes were statistically significant (P=0.000 for all of indices) and more characteristic during late weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Values of RI, PI and S/D ratio indices reduced toward the end of pregnancy, but PSV increased. Despite the trivial difference, nomograms of various Doppler indices in present study have similar pattern with other studies.
Subject(s)
Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Nomograms , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methods , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gestational Age , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Middle Cerebral Artery/embryology , Middle Cerebral Artery/physiology , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Parapelvic cysts are uncommon conditions that are usually found during autopsy. Their ultrasonographic appearance is similar to hydronephrosis. We report the case of a 46-year-old female with a 4-year history of vague flank pain and a previous history of bilateral moderate hydronephrosis. The patient was investigated by ultrasonography and non-enhanced CT scan, and finally diagnosed as bilateral parapelvic cysts by a contrast-enhanced CT scan. For any patient with hydronephrosis detected by sonography, the possibility of parapelvic cysts should be kept in mind, especially if no underlying cause is detected and other routine imaging is inconsistent with hydronephrosis. In such circumstances a CT scan with contrast enhancement should not be refused, and relying on sonographic signs, previously mentioned in literatures, can be misleading.
