ABSTRACT
AIM AND BACKGROUND: Radioimmunoguided surgery using radiolabeled NR-LU-10 Fab was evaluated as a method of intraoperative breast cancer detection. METHODS: Breast cancer patients were injected intravenously with 125I (74 MBq) labeled NR-LU-10 Fab (5 mg) and then underwent tumor excision 2, 4 or 7 days later, during which time the gamma detector probe was used to evaluate the primary tumor for evidence of radioactive uptake. RESULTS: Intraoperative probing revealed tumor localization in 7 of 10 patients (70%). Gamma probe counts of the excised tumor were elevated in all patients, although high counts in surrounding non-malignant tissue obscured the ability to detect the tumor in vivo in 3 patients. One patient with bilateral breast cancer was found to have a separate focus of occult tumor in each breast using the gamma detector probe. CONCLUSIONS: Radiolabeled NR-LU-10 Fab possesses favorable pharmokinetics and tumor-binding ability as a targeting agent. However, binding to non-malignant tissue limits its role in the intraoperative evaluation of tumor margins in breast cancer patients. Its role in other malignancies should be explored.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mastectomy, Segmental/methods , Radioimmunodetection/methods , Adult , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/urine , Female , Humans , Injections , Iodine Radioisotopes , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is an accepted diagnostic tool for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether diagnostic information offered by preoperative PET scan could be used to detect disease intraoperatively using beta and gamma handheld probes. METHODS: Two studies were carried out. First, tumor "phantoms" were created using 62 microCi fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in a saline-filled basin. Gamma and beta handheld probes were used to determine detection characteristics with respect to probe type, distance from source, and isotope half-life. In a second study, probes were used intraoperatively to detect tumor in 10 patients with recurrent colorectal cancer as determined by preoperative PET scan. Counts relative to background were determined for each probe as was histopathologic correlation with probe-positive tissue. RESULTS: Phantom studies documented that FDG detection by each probe was nonlinearly related to source proximity and half-life. In human subjects, abnormal findings on preoperative PET studies were detected by both probes with tumor:normal ratios of 1.6 (beta) and 1.5 (gamma). All probe-positive tissue was histologically confirmed to be recurrent colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative detection of CRC using an FDG source and beta and gamma probes correlates with preoperative PET. With further improvements in probe technology, successful differentiation of normal and tumor tissue as shown here may allow for more precise localization and directed resection.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods , Beta Particles , Feasibility Studies , Gamma Rays , Half-Life , Humans , Intraoperative Period , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Purpose: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is the superior imaging modality for detection of primary and recurrent colorectal cancer compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT). We investigated the feasibility of developing intraoperative procedures for detection of FDG in tumor deposits in order to assist the surgeon in achieving an optimal reduction of tumor burden.Procedures: Fourteen patients (45-83 years of age) were scanned using FDG-PET followed by Gamma Detection Probe evaluation at laparotomy. One patient did not have a pre-operative FDG-PET scan. The collimated detector probe contained a CdZnTe crystal (7mm diameter x 2mm thick). We used a lower window setting of 200 KeV and an open upper window setting. Fasted patients were given an IV bolus of FDG (4.0-5.7 mCi) 15-20 minutes prior to preparation for surgery. Catheterization and the diuretic Lasix were used to remove FDG activity from the bladder. The time from FDG injection to intraoperative GDP data acquisition varied from 58-110 minutes.Results: In all patients, the GDP detected background activity in normal tissues (aorta, colon, liver, kidney, abdominal wall, mesentery, and urinary bladder). The GDP correctly identified single or multiple tumor foci in 13/14 patients as noted by an audible signal from the control unit (3 S.D. above counts obtained from normal tissues). These tumor foci corresponded to regions of high FDG uptake as seen on FDG-PET scans. The one case that the GDP did not localize was a recurrent mucin pseudomyxoma-producing tumor (acellular, mucinous deposits). Ex vivo GDP evaluations demonstrated significant tumor:normal adjacent tissue activity (audible signals in 6/6 tumor samples tested).Conclusions: These data demonstrate that tumors identified from pre-operative whole-body PET scans can be localized during surgery utilizing a gamma probe detector and FDG.
