[Vesicoureteral reflux in children with hypoplastic kidney]. / Puzyrno-mochetochnikovyi refliux v gipoplazirovannuiu pochku u detei.

Reconstructive plastic operations were conducted in 54 children aged 1 to 14 years. The children were followed up for 1 to 17 years. In 40 patients reflux into the hypoplastic kidney combined with anomaly or another disease of the contralateral kidney, in 10 patients--with infravesical obstruction. The examination included clinical and laboratory tests, ultrasound diagnosis, x-ray, radionuclide investigation, uroflowmetry, on demand cystoscopy. Assessment of surgery results was made by function of the hypoplastic kidney and growth of its parenchyme, urodynamics, clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis. A good result was achieved in 41%, satisfactory--in 39 and unsatisfactory--in 20% patients. Thus, timely surgical elimination of vesicoureteral reflux enables effective treatment of chronic pyelonephritis, produces a positive action on urodynamics and renal parenchyma growth.

[Urotractin in the treatment of an infection of the kidneys, urinary tract and prostate]. / Urotraktin v lechenii infektsii pochek, mochevykh putei i predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Clinical and bacteriological effects of urotractin are analysed for 60 patients with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the kidney, urinary tracts and prostate treated in 3 urological clinics of Moscow. The drug was given 10 days in a dose 400 mg twice a day. Urotractin demonstrated high efficacy against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The results were the same in in- and outpatients.

[Urolithiasis in children]. / Urolitiaz u detei.

The paper reviews the experience of the urological clinic in the treatment of 106 children with urolithiasis. The necessity of careful pretreatment examination to reject associated anomaly of the upper urinary tracts as a cause of lithogenesis is emphasized. Surgical treatment and extracorporeal lithotripsy which has proved highly effective against uroliths in children are considered.

[The ultrasonic diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika puzyrno-mochetochnikovogo refliuksa.

Potentialities of ultrasonic investigation (USI) in diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were elucidated by comparison of the USI evidence with that obtained at miction cystourethrography which had identified VUR of degree I-IV. Ultrasonic signs of active and passive VUR distinctly observable in the reflux degree III and IV are noted. The technique of USI in VUR-suspected children is described. Ultrasonic measurements of the intravesicular part of the lower ureter were made. It is shown that USI can serve a method of outpatient selection for miction cystourethrography. As demonstrated by the examination of 58 patients with transplanted kidney, USI is effective in identification of the reflux to the transplanted kidney as well as in differential diagnosis with obstructive complications after transplantation.

[The stimulation of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract in the combined treatment of urolithiasis]. / Stimuliatsiia urodinamiki verkhnikh mochevykh putei v kompleksnom lechenii mochekamennoi bolezni.

Sound, vacuum and electrical stimulation of urodynamics on the units Intrafon, Intraton, electric aspirator has been assessed in 311 urolithiasis patients. Sound stimulation of the upper urinary tracts in the presence of ureteroliths improves urodynamics in 88% of cases, in multiple fragments of the stones crashed at impulse lithotripsy in 81.3%. Vacuum exposure of the upper urinary tracts relieves pain in one third of the patients. The highest effect on urodynamics (93.5%) and the concrement dislodgement rate (82.2%) occurred in sound combined with vacuum stimulation. Modification of the direct electrical stimulation of upper urinary tract urodynamics is proposed to recover the tract tonicity. It can be also used in surgical patients with drained tracts for elimination of the stones and fragments as well as for prevention of lithogenesis.

[Current approach to solving the problem of urolithiasis]. / Sovremennyi podkhod k resheniiu problemy mochekamennoi bolezni.

The article analyses experience in the management of about 1,500 patients with urolithiasis who underwent in- and out-patient treatment at the Urological Clinic of the Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute in 1990-1993. Indications were determined for applying lithotripsy in patients with stones in anomalous kidneys, in cases of a solitary kidney, and children with urolithiasis. The tactics of management of large kidney stones is described. The use of endoscopic methods of treatment (percutaneous and transurethral) is evaluated. Modern methods of urolithiasis treatment were applied instead of an open operation in 90% of patients.