ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da presença de suportes plásticos móveis (carriers) no processo de lodo ativado por meio da operação, sob diferentes tempos de retenção de sólidos para remoção de matéria carbonácea e nitrogênio, de dois sistemas aeróbios. Um deles, denominado LAC, foi constituído por reatores de lodo ativado com biomassa apenas em suspensão, e comparado com outro, LAI, com reatores integrados de lodo ativado com biofilme em leito móvel. Monitorou-se o crescimento das biomassas em suspensão e aderida e as condições ambientais nos reatores. Testes respirométricos determinaram os coeficientes cinéticos relativos à nitrificação. Foi possível a aplicação de carga de aproximadamente duas vezes a que foi suportada por um sistema de lodo ativado, a nitrificação se estendeu até reduzidas idades do lodo aeróbio e a desnitrificação ocorreu eficientemente. As velocidades específicas de crescimento das bactérias nitritantes e nitratantes foram determinadas para o processo com biofilme aderido, resultando similares às obtidas apenas com biomassa em suspensão.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plastic media carriers presence in the activated sludge process through the operation under different solids retention times, for the removal of carbonaceous organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, of two aerobic systems. One of them, called LAC, was constituted by activated sludge reactors with suspended biomass only and compared with another, LAI, with integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactors. The growth of attached and suspended biomass and environmental conditions in the reactors have been monitored. Respirometric analyzes were used to determine kinetic coefficients related to nitrification. It was possible to apply approximately twice the load supported by an activated sludge system, nitrification was extended until low solids retention times related to the aerobic and suspended biomass, and denitrification has occurred efficiently. The specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria in attached biomass has resulted similar to that observed in suspended biomass.
ABSTRACT
The sludge generated by sewage treatment which meets regulatory standards can be used in agriculture. With this understanding, the focus of this study is the evaluation of the agricultural characteristics and inorganic substances in excess activated sludge, which was subjected to drying in a greenhouse. The variables (factor) evaluated during the drying process were: type of sludge (digested or not digested), addition of lime to the sludge, and the physical layout and rotation of sludge in the greenhouse. The parameters monitored for this assessment were moisture, volatile solids and pH. The greenhouse cover and sides were made of translucent plastic to allow the penetration of solar radiation and prevent water from entering. A impermeable floor was used. The sludge was generated in sewage treatment plants located in the metropolitan region of Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The solar drying of wastewater sludge in a greenhouse presented satisfactory results.
Subject(s)
Agriculture/methods , Sewage , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Brazil , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
O presente artigo objetivou avaliar a aplicação da operação de stripping como pré-tratamento de um lixiviado de aterro sanitário visando à redução da carga de amônia afluente a um sistema biológico de tratamento, bem como, a utilização do processo de coagulação-floculação-sedimentação para a remoção da matéria orgânica recalcitrante de um lixiviado de aterro pré-tratado em um sistema de lodo ativado. As taxas de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal variaram entre 3,5 e 3,6 mg N-NH3.L-1.h-1 para o sistema de stripping composto por um reator submetido à agitação mecânica e entre 3,2 e 3,3 mg N-NH3.L-1.h-1 para o reator submetido à aeração com bolhas grossas. Quanto ao pós-tratamento, os resultados obtidos indicaram que são requeridas dosagens acima de 400 mg Fe+3.L-1 e 400 mg Al+3.L-1, para a obtenção de eficiências de remoção de matéria orgânica recalcitrante superiores a 90 por cento.
The aim of this article was evaluate the implementation of the ammonia stripping as a pretreatment for landfill leachate and the use of the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation process for the removal of refractory organic compounds present in a landfill leachate pretreated in an activated sludge system. The rates of ammonia nitrogen removal ranged between 3.5 and 3.6 mg NH3-N.L-1.h-1in a lab scale reactor (working volume of 20 L) equipped with a mechanical stirrer and 3.2 and 3.3 mg NH3-N.L-1.h-1in a lab scale aerated column (working volume of 10 L). It was possible to achieve removals above 90 percent of refractory organic compounds (measured as apparent color) applied coagulant dosage about 400 mg Fe+3.L-1 and 400 mg Al+3.L-1.
ABSTRACT
Considerando el enunciado del trabajo el autor presenta detalladamente todo lo relacionado con lagunas aereadas para el tratamiento de aguas residuales
