ABSTRACT
Resumen: Se exploraron, a través de un cuestionario diseñado ex profeso, las creencias sobre las causas de la obesidad en una muestra de 142 estudiantes de segundo y tercer grados de secundaria (71 españoles y 71 mexicanos). El rango de edad de los participantes fue de 13 a 16 años (M = 14.02, DE = .846). Los participantes consideraron que la Voluntad y la Personalidad son las causas más importantes de la obesidad, X 2 (5, 142) = 265.353, p < .001, en tanto que los factores considerados menos importantes fueron Comida, Educación, Ejercicio y Genética. Dicha forma de conceptuar las causas de la obesidad parece dar pie a que los participantes responsabilicen a las personas obesas de su condición, t(141) = -13.740, p < .001. Por último, se discute cómo se articula las creencias sobre las causas de la obesidad y las actitudes mantenidas hacia las personas obesas.
Abstract: In order to explore the beliefs about the causes of obesity, one questionnaire designed on purpose were applied to a sample of 142 students of second and third grades of secondary school (71 Spaniard and 71 Mexican), with ages between 13 and 16 years (M = 14.02, SD = .846). Participants considered that Volition and Personality were the most important causes of obesity, X 2 (5, 142) = 265 353, p <.001, while Food, Education, Exercise and Genetics were the least important factors. This way of conceptualizing the causes of obesity seems to lead participants to blame obese people because of their condition, t(141) = 13,740, p <.001. Finally, we discuss how beliefs about the causes of obesity and attitudes held towards obese people are articulated.
ABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation (AF) in adults with atrial septal defect (ASD) and to evaluate the influence of age at surgical repair. The study population consisted of 286 adults with ASD (mean age 39.5 +/- 19 years). All patients had >or = 1 follow-up visit and a Doppler echocardiographic study. One hundred ninety-two of the patients underwent surgical closure 1 to 34 years before the study. Analyzed variables were entered into univariate (Mann-Whitney U) and multivariate (stepwise logistic regression) models to assess independent predictors for AF. The prevalence of AF was similar in surgically treated patients (15.6%) and in the nonsurgical group (13.8%) (p = 0.69). Multivariate analysis showed that current age (RR 1.9 per each decade of age, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 2.7, p = 0.001), mitral regurgitation (RR 3.0 per each degree of regurgitation, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.8, p = 0.001), left atrial enlargement (RR 2.8 per each 10 mm increase in size, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.2, p = 0.001), and tricuspid regurgitation (RR 1.9 per each degree of regurgitation, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.7, p = 0.04) were independent predictors of AF; however, gender, anatomic type, defect size, Qp:Qs, pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular dimension, left ventricular shortening fraction, and prior surgical repair were not related to late AF development. In the surgical group, age >25 years at the time of surgery was the only predictor for AF independent of age at the time of the study (p = 0.02).
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Atrial Fibrillation/etiology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
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