Evaluation of haloperidol--ketamine mixture (1:1) anaesthesia in dogs.

Four clinically healthy dogs of either sex, aged 3-5 years, weighing between 9 and 18 kg and maintained under uniform management conditions, were administered haloperidol (5 mg/ml) and ketamine (50 mg/ml) intravenously in 1:1 ratio until the pedal reflex was lost. The calculated doses of haloperidol and ketamine were 1.71 and 17.05 mg/kg body weight intravenously, respectively. Corneal and palpebral reflexes were maintained although pain reflexes were absent up to 20 min of the cocktail administration. The induction of anaesthesia was quick and smooth. There was moderate to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Mean arterial and central venous pressures and tidal volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from baseline values. Significant tachycardia and hyperglycemia were observed.

Clinical, haematological and radiological evaluation of fragmented autogenous cortical bone grafting of radius in dogs.

In eight clinically healthy dogs, a midshaft diaphyseal defect of 2 cm was created in the right radius ulna. This gap was maintained by fixing a four hole sherman bone plate on the radius. In four dogs, the gap was filled with autogenous cancellous bone grafts (2-5 mm in diameter) harvested from the proximal end of the tibia (group 1). In the remaining 4 dogs, the fracture gap was filled with autogenous cortical bone fragments (ACBF) of 2-5 mm diameter made from the same 2 cm piece of bone removed from the radius. While comparing various clinical observations, it appeared that healing of the wounds and bearing of the weight on the grafted limb in dogs subjected to ACBF graft were similar to those given autogenous cancellous bone graft. In radiographs, taken on the 30th day in group 1, a fairly good amount of callus was found emerging from fracture ends but the whole of the bone graft area was not covered by bony density even on the 60th day. In group 2 (ACBF), 45th day radiograph revealed that the callus from the fracture end was mixing up with the cortical bone fragments, and at the 60th day, the callus was clearly found invading the cortical bone fragments grafted in the fracture gap.

Gross and histopathological observations on the effects of therapeutic ultrasound in experimental acute chemical arthritis in calves.

Acute chemical arthritis was induced in right radiocarpal joints of eight cow calves by intraarticular injections of turpentine oil. They were randomly divided into two groups A and B of four calves each. Group A served as control. Group B was given therapeutic ultrasound at 2.0W/cm2 for 7 minutes daily for 7 days starting on day 5. On day 19, all the calves of both the groups were slaughtered. Grossly as well as microscopically, joint tissues of group A calves showed severe inflammatory and degenerative changes. Joint capsule of group B calves showed regeneration of synovial membrane and articular cartilage was normal grossly as well as microscopically.

Histomorphochemical effects of shortwave diathermy on healing of experimental muscular injury in dogs.

The biceps femoris muscle was surgically incised and sutured in 10 clinically healthy mongrel dogs, aged 1-2 yr and weighing 10-15 kg. The surgical wounds of 5 dogs were exposed to shortwave diathermy for 5 min daily for 7 days, starting a day after the creation of trauma. The remaining 5 dogs served as control. After 15 days of healing, the tissues from biceps femoris muscle were collected and subjected to histomorphological and histochemical examination. Mature collagen bundles were seen at healing site in diathermy treated animals while there were immature collagen fibres and more number of fibroblasts in control animals. Normal muscle fibres could be seen on either side of the healing tissue in treated animals whereas in control animals, atrophied and necrosed muscle fibres were encountered. The neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides, lipid droplets in the intermyofibrillar area and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase at the healing site was better in treated as compared to controls.

Haloperidol as a pre-medicant for thiopental anaesthesia in the dog.

Haloperidol was administered intravenously at the dose rate of 0.87 mg/kg body weight five minutes prior to thiopental anaesthesia in 5 clinically healthy dogs, aged 10-12 months and weighing 11.5 +/- 0.96 kg. Animals required only 4.36 +/- 0.24 ml of the 5% thiopental sodium to achieve surgical anaesthesia which lasted for 37.5 +/- 4.3 minutes. There was adequate muscle relaxation and loss of pedal and palpebral reflexes during thiopental anaesthesia. Five minutes after administration of haloperidol, there was no appreciable change in the various cardiopulmonary dynamics with the exception of a hypocapnoea and a mild hypotension. During thiopentone anaesthesia, a mild hypotension and arterial hypoxemia was evident. This combination of anaesthesia was also employed in 14 clinical cases varying from fractures of long bones (4), mammary tumours (3), ear haematoma (4), venereal granuloma (2) and abdominal hernia (1). The combination proved extremely useful for orthopaedic surgery as the muscle relaxation was adequate and the reduction of the fractured ends was relatively easy.

Studies on lorazepam as a premedicant for thiopental anaesthesia in the dog.

Four mg of lorazepam was given intravenously 5 min prior to thiopental anaesthesia in 5 clinically healthy dogs weighing 14 +/- 2 kg and aged about 10-12 months. Animals required only 7.0 +/- 1.5 ml of 5% thiopental sodium to achieve surgical anaesthesia which lasted about 30.4 +/- 3.3 minutes. There was adequate muscle relaxation and loss of pedal and palpebral reflexes. Five min after administration of lorazepam, there was no appreciable change in various cardiopulmonary dynamics. However, there was moderate arterial hypertension, tachycardia and arterial hypoxemia 15 min after the onset of the thiopental anaesthesia. There was no respiratory depression. The lorazepam-thiopental combination was also attempted in 16 clinical cases varying from repair of fractures of long bones (9), mammary tumour (2), ear haematoma (1), ear cropping (1), tail gangrene (2) and rectal prolapse (1). This combination of anaesthesia proved extremely useful for orthopaedic surgery as the muscle relaxation was adequate and reduction of the fractured ends was comparatively easier.

Physiological and biochemical effects of glyceryl guaiacolate-thiopentone sodium anaesthesia in buffalo calves.

Glyceryl guaiacolate was used with thiopentone sodium for general anaesthesia in 10 clinically healthy male buffalo calves. When the animals were in the stage of surgical anaesthesia, there was marked hypotension and tachycardia along with a decrease in central venous pressure, tidal volume, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and venous plasma potassium. Hyperglycaemia was another consistent feature. The changes in the acid base status were mild and inconsistent.