ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The recently developed modified COVID-19 (coronavirus of 2019) Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) captures comprehensive biopsychosocial components of WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health related to the Long Covid or post-COVID syndrome. The scale response categories on C19-YRSm were done post hoc on data collected from the original version of C19-YRS. AIM: To evaluate the C19-YRSm scale using reliability and validity measures. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. METHODS: The study includes 369 patients (clinical group) and 426 subjects of the general population (control group) and captures their post-COVID-19 symptoms. In addition, the reliability of C19-YRSm was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficients of internal consistency and inter-item correlations for subscales ('Symptom severity, Functional disability, and Other symptoms'). Convergent validity was established using correlations between C19-YRSm and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The incremental validity of C19-YRSm was measured by introducing a hierarchical regression model using the C19-YRSm 'Overall health' subscale and FSS as criterion variables. RESULTS: C19-YRSm subscales have excellent internal consistencies (Cronbach's α value 0.81-0.96) and acceptable inter-item correlations (r value 0.23-0.79). Hereafter, the convergent validity of the C19-YRSm is good due to significant correlations between C19-YRSm subscales and FSS and C19-YRSm subscales. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis supported consistent evidence for the incremental validity of the C19-YRSm subscales. CONCLUSION: C19-YRSm is a reliable and valid self-assessment scale for the assessment of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , Humans , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Dystonia , Humans , Dystonia/diagnosis , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , ElectromyographyABSTRACT
Neurotic symptoms were considered to be present in 21.9% of the 210 employees of a company following data analysis from a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 60 question items). The results in middle-aged and aged executives were compared. The total GHQ score was > or = 17 in 18/55 executives aged 40 years or above, but in only 9/60 non-executives controls was a significant difference observed (P < 0.05) between executives and non-executives. The scores for three subordinate scales, namely somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social dysfunction, were higher in the executives than in the non-executives and showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the anxiety and insomnia scale. These results suggest that middle-aged and aged executives are more likely to have neurotic symptoms and more frequently to have anxiety and insomnia than their controls. We would like to apply this method to aid in the prevention, early detection and early management of stress.
Subject(s)
Administrative Personnel/psychology , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Aged , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Employment , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/diagnosis , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A clinical data system is under development at the Upjohn Company that will reduce the time lag from patient visit to data availability, data entry errors, and the amount of training required for system use. The system design allows generality for both the study monitor and the biostatistician, editing of the data before entry, simplified forms design, direct entry of textual responses without coding, and a reduced need for special programs. Interactive subsystems allow a user to describe a study to the system, generate tailor-made entry/edit programs for each study, undate the date base, and produce ad hoc reports. The system is being implemented on top of a data base management system and runs on an IBM 370/148 under VM/CMS.
