[The induction of an immune response to influenza virus antigens by anti-idiotypic antibodies]. / Induktsiia immunnogo otveta k antigenam virusa grippa antiidiotipicheskimi antitelami.

The present investigation indicate that homologous polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Experiments on the exhaustion of immune sera with vaccine have revealed that anti-idiotypic antibodies induce not only specific antibodies to influenza virus antigens, but also antibodies to other epitopes of the globulin molecule of the anti-idiotype. Anti-idiotypic antibodies, when reintroduced into animals, induce the production of anti-influenza antibodies of the anamnestic type, but do not induce the formation of antihemagglutinins. The injection of influenza vaccine to animals, previously immunized with anti-idiotypic antibodies, induces the production of antihemagglutinins; an increase in the level of immune complexes and antibodies to anti-idiotype, i.e. anti-idiotypic antibodies, induces the development of immunological memory with respect to influenza virus antigens, including antihemagglutinins.

[The anti-idiotypic response to the experimental administration of the inactivated or live influenza virus]. / Antiidiotipicheskii otvet na vvedenie inaktivirovannogo ili zhivogo virusa grippa v éksperimente.

The injection of inactivated and live influenza virus into rabbits induces the formation of anti-idiotypic antibodies, appearing after anti-influenza hemagglutinins, in the blood. The presence of immune complexes antibody--anti-idiotypic antibody in the blood of the animals has been established. The booster immunization of the animals with influenza virus antigens produces a rise in the levels of both idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies. The injection of autologous anti-idiotypic globulin into the primed animals ensures the induction of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic revaccinal reactions.

[Detection of antibodies to adipose tissue cell membranes in human blood]. / Obnaruzhenie antitel k kletochnym membranam zhirovoi tkani v syvorotke krovi liudei.

In serum of some healthy women and patients with fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland antibodies to the cell membranes of adipocytes were detected. Interconnections between these antibodies and corresponding antigens in blood, on the one hand, and hormonal-metabolic status of probands, on the other hand, were observed. Possible autoimmune origin of phenomenon detected and its relation to the normal and pathological processes in adipose tissue are discussed.

[Cellular and humoral cytotoxicity indices in children with glomerulonephritis]. / Pokazateli kletochnoi i gumoral'noi tsitotoksichnosti u detei, bol'nykh glomerulonefritom.

Altogether 35 children suffering from different forms of glomerulonephritis were examined. It has been shown that in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in children, an appreciable role is played not only by the action of pathogenic immune complexes but also by the mechanism of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity due to K-cells and lymphocytotoxicity, influencing the regulatory subpopulations of immunocompetent cells and acting directly on the structures of renal tissue. The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the enhancement of serum lymphocytotoxicity whereas the nephritic syndrome by a rise in the blood of circulating immune complexes. In view of the fact that the process may become chronic, the rise of the activity of K-cells, of the level of lymphocytotoxins and the absence from the serum of circulating immune complexes should be regarded as unfavourable prognostic criteria.

[Effects of T-activin on the course of ischemic heart disease in cases of the development of sensitization to apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins]. / Vliianie T-aktivina na techenie ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v sluchaiakh razvitiia sensibilizatsii k apoprotein-B-soderzhashchim lipoproteidam.

A comprehensive clinicoimmunological examination was made of 105 male patients aged 35-65 years who suffered from coronary heart disease. The authors identified a group of 33 patients whose unstable course of angina pectoris was associated with pronounced apolipoprotein B sensitization, as well as with the presence of the autoimmune lipoprotein-antibody complex and abnormalities in the cellular link of immunity. All 33 patients received antianginal agents. Out of them, 15 patients took additionally a course of T-activin therapy to modulate immunological shifts. The results of the examination demonstrated that the immunomodulator exerted a beneficial effect both on the course of CHD (reduction in the number of anginal episodes, improvement of left ventricular contractility) and the immune system (recovery of T-suppressor function, disappearance of lipoprotein sensitization, decrease in the patient's blood detection rates of the autoimmune lipoprotein-antibody complexes from 83 to 28%). The highest effect was reached by T-activin 1.5-2 months following termination of the course therapy. Immunomodulating therapy is regarded as an additional approach to the treatment of CHD patients with marked lipoprotein sensitization.

[Disordered permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier in the development of allergic processes of the nervous system]. / Narushenie pronitsaemosti gematoéntsefalicheskogo bar'era pri razvitii allergicheskikh protsessov v nervnoi sisteme.

A single intravenous injection of dimethyl sulfoxide disturbed permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and caused passage of rhodamin from the blood into the brain in guinea pigs. Brain microinjury, injection of Freund's complete adjuvant or dimethyl sulfoxide increased BBB permeability to brain antigens detected in the animals' blood as early as the first 24 hours after the procedure. Antibodies appeared in the serum and/or delayed type hypersensitivity cell reactions formed in some of the animals later. Daily intraperitoneal dimethyl sulfoxide injections led to increase of the morbidity and mortality indices among animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by sensitization with myelin basic protein and Freud's complete adjuvant. The results of the experiment show the important role of BBB permeability in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

[The migration activity of blood leukocytes as an index of the immunologic status of a kidney allograft recipient]. / Migratsionnaia aktivnost' leikotsitov krovi kak pokazatel' immunologicheskogo sostoianiia retsipienta pochechnogo allotransplantata.

A total of 48 patients with chronic renal failure, 42 of them after allotransplantation of cadaveric kidney, were studied for leukocyte spontaneous migration and corresponding alterations in migration activity in the presence of renal antigens reflecting recipient sensitivity towards organospecific renal antigens. High levels of leukocyte spontaneous migrations and renal antigen sensitization were recorded in patients with acute course of renal transplant rejection versus those with no evidence of rejection or the persons with slowly progressing chronic rejection. It was stated that alterations in leukocyte migratory activity, both spontaneous and challenged by presence of renal antigen, could demonstrate the activity of immune processes in a recipient of renal transplant. The findings are of help in answering the question of how long the transplant could exist. Moreover, organospecific renal antigens are considered as possible participants, in line with transplantation antigens, in the mechanism of kidney rejection.

[Evaluation of the dynamics of serum immunoglobulins in suppurative surgical diseases and severe trauma]. / K otsenke dinamiki syvorotochnykh immunoglobulinov pri gnoinykh khirurgicheskikh zabolevaniiakh i tiazhelykh travmakh.

Serum immunoglobulins G, A, M were studied along with a parallel investigation of the laboratory indicators of the destructive-inflammatory process and other indices of organism reactivity in 378 patients with acute and chronic pyo-inflammatory diseases and a critical mechanical trauma. Such an approach allowed an objective substantiation of the dynamics of serum immunoglobulins to be given. They may be recommended as prognostic criteria for the selection of curative tactics and assessment of quality of the surgical and conservative treatment.

[Lowering the complement-fixing capacity and induction of tolerogenic properties in human globulins by urea treatment]. / Snizhenie antikomplementarnosti i pridanie tolerogennykh svoistv chelovecheskomy globulinu putem obrabotki mochevinoi.

Deaggregation of human globulin by the treatment with urea solution has been studied. Urea treatment resulted in dose-dependent lowering of complement fixing globulin capacity. The optimal urea dose was 0.12 M for 10 mg/ml of protein. Deaggregated globulin was stable and tolerogenic in the experiments on mice.

[Dynamics of the formation of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the course of the immune response]. / Dinamika obazovaniia antiidiotipicheskikh antitel v khode immunnogo otveta.

The work demonstrates that after the injection of a heterogenous antigen into rabbits the appearance of antibodies is followed by the "spontaneous" formation of anti-idiotypic antibodies. These anti-antibodies, detected by means of several serological reactions, are specific and have an idiotypic character. Circulating antibody--anti-idiotypic antibody complexes have been detected in the blood of the animals. The injection of autologous anti-idiotypic antibodies into the immunized animals ensures the stimulation of the formation of antibodies and anti-idiotypic antibodies. Immunological memory with respect to anti-idiotypic antibodies develops in the body of the immunized animals.

[Complement consumption as criterion of the tolerogenicity of a globulin preparation]. / Potreblenie komplementa kak kriterii tolerantnosti globulinovogo preparata.

Experiments on mice (296 animals) were made to study the capability of native and deaggregated preparations of human globulin to fix complement as well as the relationship of this indicator to tolerogenic properties of the preparations in question. Ultracentrifuged preparations were discovered to have the decreased capability to activate complement. As anticomplementary properties of the preparations become more demonstrable their tolerogenicity declines. The decreased capability to activate complement can be used as criterion in screening tolerogenic preparations.

[Comparative action of the low-molecular fractions from thymus and cerebral cortex polypeptides on the immune response in mice]. / Sravnitel'noe deistvie nizkomolekuliarnykh fraktsii iz polipeptidov timusa i kory golovnogo mozga na immunnyi otvet u myshei.

Rabbit antisera against low-molecular weight polypeptides from the thymus (thymosin and thymarin), brain cortex (cortexin) and white matter of the calf brain were cross absorbed with these polypeptides and tested in the complement fixation test with the above preparations. In addition they were also tested in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity test with thymocytes and bone marrow cells. Thymosin, thymarin and cortexin were shown to be antigenously similar but to differ in antigenous structure from the polypeptide of brain white matter. The biological effect of the polypeptides from the thymus and brain cortex is related to the thymus-dependent lymphocyte population rather than to B cells. Cross absorption has revealed that antisera against the polypeptides from the thymus and brain cortex contain antyibody both against common antigens and antigens specific only for the appropriate preparation. The antigenous set of thymarin responds better to thymic antigens than cortexin.