Ensaio terapêutico na infecção por Giardia muris em camundongo com metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole e furazolidone / A therapeutic trial in Giardia muris infection in the mouse with metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and furazolidone

Foi testado in vivo a sensibilidade de Giardia muris a quatro drogas comumente usadas no tratamento da giardíase humana. Foram utilizados 7 grupos de animais, com 12 camundongos cada, sendo que o grupo controle recebeu apenas solução salina 0,15M (0,5ml/animal). Os demais grupos receberam em dose única: metronidazole e furazolidone (500mg/kg), tinidazole e secnidazole (200mg/kg). A eficácia das drogas foi avaliada através da contagem de cistos nas fezes e pela ausência de trofozoítos no intestino. O metronidazole foi a droga mais eficaz. Os cortes histológicos mostraram diferenças entre o padrão da mucosa intestinal de animais normais e parasitados. No entanto, não se observou diferença entre o padrão de mucosa de animais infectados tratados e não tratados, o que sugere que estas alterações podem ser causadas pelo parasito e não pelas drogas.

A comparative study about the effectiveness of metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and furazolidone was performed on Giardia muris from mice naturally infected. Groups of 12 animals each was constituted: the control treated with saline; one treated with metronidazole; one treated with furazolidone; one treated with tinidazole; one treated with secnidazole; histological normal control; histological infected. Samples of three stools were examined before and after treatment with quantification of cysts. Animals were cured when the trophozoites was not seen in the small bowel. The curative activity of drugs was 58.3% for metronidazole, 50% for furazolidone, 40% for secnidazole and 16% for tinidazole. It was also showed that there was a different pattern of the intestinal mucosa from the control and infected groups, treated or not, suggesting that the alterations encountered in the mucosa of infected animals were due to the parasitism either the action of the drugs.

[A therapeutic trial in Giardia muris infection in the mouse with metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and furazolidone]. / Ensaio terapêutico na infecção por Giardia muris em camundongo com metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole e furazolidone.

A comparative study about the effectiveness of metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and furazolidone was performed on Giardia muris from mice naturally infected. Groups of 12 animals each was constituted: the control treated with saline; one treated with metronidazole; one treated with furazolidone; one treated with tinidazole; one treated with secnidazole; histological normal control; histological infected. Samples of three stools were examined before and after treatment with quantification of cysts. Animals were cured when the trophozoites was not seen in the small bowel. The curative activity of drugs was 58.3% for metronidazole, 50% for furazolidone, 40% for secnidazole and 16% for tinidazole. It was also showed that there was a different pattern of the intestinal mucosa from the control and infected groups, treated or not, suggesting that the alterations encountered in the mucosa of infected animals were due to the parasitism either the action of the drugs.

A critical evaluation of the expression of parasitemia in experimental Chagas' disease.

This paper aims to study the best way to express the parasitemia of Trypanosoma cruzi's experimentally infected animals. Individual scores may have a great variability, not emphasized by the majority of the authors. A group of 50 rats infected with 1 x 10(6) trypomastigotes of T. cruzi Y strain was used and the parasitemia was estimated by BRENER's method. The results showed that the median can avoid false results due to very high or low parasitemias but it does not have the mathematic properties necessary for analysis of variance. The comparison of the means of the original and transformed data, with their respective coefficients of variability (CV), showed that the logarithmic mean (Mlog) have the minor value of CV. Therefore, the Mlog is the best way to express the parasitemia when the data show great variability. The number of the animal for group did not affect the variability of data when the Mlog and CV were used.

[Serologic study of experimental infections by Trypanosoma evansi, in guinea pigs]. / Estudo sorológico de infecções experimentais por Trypanosoma evansi, em cobaias.

Sera of 20 guinea-pigs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi were obtained in order to compare the efficacy of gel diffusion, indirect immunofluorescence and agglutination tests, to detect antibodies to T. evansi. The fluorescent antibody test was positive in six (6) animals and the antibody titres were very low (1:4 to 1:16). The agglutination test detected trypanosomal antibodies in sera one (1) week after infection. After two (2) weeks all animals were positive with high titres (1:8.000 to 1:250.000). Agglutination was inhibited when sera were treated with 2-Mercapto-ethanol. This fact suggests that IgM is the principal class of antibodies in sera of infected guinea-pigs. Precipitating antibodies were not detected during the course of infection.

Malaria no municipio de Humaita, Estado do Amazonas - XIII - Uso da clindamicina no tratamento de doentes com infeccao causada pelo Plasmodium falciparum. / Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas.XIII - Use of clindamycin in the treatment of patients with infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum

Em 1981, 52 doentes com malaria causada por pelo Plasmodium falciparum foram tratados com 20 mg/kg/dia de clindamicina, pelas vias oral e/ou intra-venosa, durante 5 a 7 dias. Os doentes eram examinados diariamente no 14o. e 21o. dias, a contar do inicio do tratamento, eram submetidos a exame clinico e parasitologico de sangue.Cinco (9,7%) tinham malaria grave e 16 (30,8%) tinham sido previamente tratados com cloroquina, pirimetamina e sulfas de acao ultra-lenta, sem sucesso. Os resultados mostraram que todos os doentes se curaram. Os parasitologicos de sangue tornaram-se negativos, em geral em torno do 5o.dia de tratamento. A clindamicina parece ser eficiente, principalmente nos casos graves de malaria causada por Plasmodium falciparum resistente

Malaria no municipio de Humaita, Estado do Amazonas. XV - Inquerito parasitologico em dias consecutivos nos habitantes da regiao. / Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. XV - Parasitological survey in consecutive days in inhabitants of the region

Em agosto de 1979, foram estudados 293 individuos do Municipio de Humaita, dos quais 105 eram habitantes dos povoados situados as margens do Rio Madeira, 72 eram indios da Tribo Tenhairim e 116 residentes da zona urbana de Humaita. Cada individuo foi examinado de uma a quatro vezes em dias consecutivos. De todos foi feito esfregaco com sangue obtido pela digito-puncao, fixado pelo metanol, corado pelo Giemsa e lido em microscopio de imersao (1.000 X). Os resultados obtidos revelaram apenas 6 casos positivos (2,04%), sendo 3 habitantes do Rio Madeira e 3 indios. Este metodo, alem de trabalhoso, nao trouxe nenhuma contribuicao para o aumento de taxa de positividade em inquerito parasitologico realizado em area endemica

Malaria no municipio de Humaita, Estado do Amazonas. II - Alguns aspectos epidemiologicos comparativos entre 1976 e 1979. / Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. II - Some comparative epidemiological aspects of 1976 and 1979

Em 1976 foram estudados 409 e em 1979 foram observados 330 individuos, habitantes das diversas regioes do Municipio de Humaita em povoados situados ao longo das estradas, em localidades na calha do Rio Madeira e na zona urbana.Foram feitas observacoes clinicas completas de todos os individuos estudados, incluindo os antecedentes epidemiologicos. O estudo epidemiologico compreendeu os seguintes elementos: historia pregressa de surtos de malaria, presenca de febre, esplenomegalia e indice esplenico. No seu conjunto os resultados indicam ser a malaria mais frequente, grave e persistente nas estradas, ao contrario das localidades situadas ao longo do Rio Madeira onde ela mostrou tendencia a diminuir no periodo de 1976 a 1979 e sugerem ainda sua ausencia na zona urbana