Effects of Self-acupunctural Hand Massage Using Aromatic Oil on Alleviating the Stress, Fatigue, and Vital Signs of Korean Middle-Aged Women.

The study aimed to examine the effects of self-acupunctural hand massage using aromatic oil on the stress, fatigue, and vital signs of Korean middle-aged women. A quasi-experimental study using a pretest/posttest control group, nonsynchronized design was employed. The study participants consisted of 55 middle-aged women (27 in the experiment group and 28 in the control group), who visited a community center in Seoul, South Korea. Self-acupunctural hand massage using aromatic oil as an experimental intervention was performed once per day, 6 minutes per session for the left and right hands each, for 3 weeks. A questionnaire was designed to measure the general characteristics, stress, fatigue, and vital signs (blood pressure and pulse rate). There were significant differences in the degrees of stress, fatigue, and vital signs (blood pressure) between the 2 groups. Self-acupunctural hand massage using aromatic oil decreased the stress, fatigue, and vital signs (blood pressure) of Korean middle-aged women. Self-acupunctural hand massage using aromatic oil can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for decreasing stress, fatigue, and vital signs (blood pressure) for middle-aged women in clinical practice.

Mediating Effects of Anger Expression in the Relationship of Work Stress with Burnout among Hospital Nurses Depending on Career Experience.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the mediating effects of anger expression in the relationship between work stress and burnout among nurses with more than or less than 3 years of career experience. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 454 nurses working at three university hospitals in South Korea. Nurses completed a survey consisting of demographic questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Work Stress Scale, and the Korean version of the Anger Expression Inventory. A multiple-group mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: In total (N = 454), work stress directly affected burnout, and all anger expressions indirectly affected the relationship of work stress with burnout. Different mediating effects of anger expression style according to career experience were shown; anger-out and anger-in in nurses with less experience (n = 184) and only anger-in in those with more experience (n = 270) partially mediated the relationship of work stress with burnout. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The indirect effect of anger-in style was higher than other anger expression styles in all nurses; suppression of anger caused by work stress can increase burnout. Anger-out played a functional role in the relationship of work stress with burnout among nurses who had less career experience. Therefore, to reduce burnout, creating a work environment with collaborative culture including authentic leadership and providing anger management programs will help to manage nurses' anger properly. For new nurses, promoting work and life balance, and creating a culturally empowering work environment to help them use anger-out expression constructively, are important to reduce burnout.

Factors affecting frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A multi-group path analysis according to nutritional status.

BACKGROUND: Frailty is highly prevalent in older adults. Malnutrition is a common problem in older adults and is related to frailty. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate a structural frailty model, to verify the factors which affect the frailty of older adults, and to evaluate the moderating effects of nutritional status on frailty through multi-group analysis. DESIGN: Secondary analysis as a descriptive survey. SAMPLES: Data were prospectively collected from 1,374 older adults (age ≥ 70) from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study in 2017. METHODS: Frailty was measured by the FRAIL scale [robust (score 0), pre-frailty (score 1-2), frailty (score 3-5)], and nutritional status was evaluated by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) [well-nourished (score ≥ 24), risk of malnutrition (score 17-23.5), malnourished (score < 17)]. Other domains were evaluated with the hand grip strength test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI). The frailty model was developed by confirming the relationship among the influencing factors of frailty. To evaluate the different frailty pathways according to nutritional status in multi-group analysis, participants were divided into two subgroups according to the mean MNA score. Subgroups were classified into a well-nourished group (n = 851) for scores equal to or higher than the average score, and a malnourished group (n = 523) for scores lower than the average score. The path analysis was performed using the AMOS 23.0 program. RESULTS: The frailty model's fit indices were adequate. In the model, the most influential factor for frailty was depression, followed by SPPB, age, polypharmacy, cognitive function, and female sex. In the multi-group analysis according to nutritional status, the malnourished group significantly increased in frailty as SPPB scores decreased. In addition, SPPB scores and cognitive function significantly decreased with increasing age in the malnourished group when compared to the well-nourished group. CONCLUSION: Depression, SPPB, age, polypharmacy, cognitive function, and female sex were found to be important factors that affect frailty. Malnourished older adults are more likely to suffer from physical impairment, lower cognitive function, and frailty. Vigorous efforts are needed to improve nutritional status in older adults, which ultimately might improve functional outcomes and frailty.

Relationships among Self-Care Competency, Presence of Depressive Symptom, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Korean Stroke Patients.

This study was to examine the self-care competency, the presence of depressive symptom, and health-related quality of life and to evaluate the correlation of these measures among 146 stroke patients in South Korea. The analyses showed that mean score of self-care competency indicates a slightly lower level of self-care competency. There showed lower levels of self-care competency in patients with no occupation, hemorrhage or infarction stroke type, both attack area and with risk-factors or other diseases such as hypertension and/or diabetes. Self-care competency had a significant, negative relation with presence of depressive symptom, while self-care competency had a significant, positive relation with health-related quality of life. In the nursing practice, nurses need to pay attention self-care competency and the related factors for better qualitive care of stroke patients. Concrete interventions and strategies to improve the self-care competency of stroke patients are needed.

Effects of Yangsaeng (Health Management) Therapy for Korean Older Adults in Nursing Home.

The number of older adults admitted to nursing homes is steadily increasing, and the health management for them is a very important issue in Korean society. This study aimed to examine the effects of Yangsaeng (health management) therapy on physical health status, depression, life satisfaction, and Yangsaeng (health management) of Korean older adults in nursing homes. A quasi-experimental study design using a pretest-posttest control group was employed. Study participants were a total of 80 older adults (intervention: n = 40, control: n = 40) in a nursing home in Seoul, South Korea. Yangsaeng therapy as an intervention consisted of the Meridian therapy and Qi-gong therapy. Yangsaeng therapy was conducted for 50 min per one time, twice a week, and for 10 weeks. Measures were general characteristics of study participants, Cornell Medical Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, life satisfaction scale, and Yangsaeng scale. Data were collected from April 2018 to March 2019. There were statistically significant differences on physical health status, depression, life satisfaction, and Yangsaeng between the two groups. Yangsaeng therapy was an effective intervention for improving physical health status, life satisfaction, and Yangsaeng, and for decreasing depression of older adults in nursing homes. Health care providers need to pay attention to Yangsaeng therapy as a Korean traditional intervention method for the health management of the older adults residing in nursing homes.

Effects of Simulation Practicum Using Flipped Learning for Korean Nursing Students.

This study aimed to examine the effects of simulation practicum using flipped learning on nursing competency, core basic nursing skill (subcutaneous injection) performance, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction of Korean nursing students. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The samples used were from 101 nursing students (Intervention 1: n = 34; Intervention 2: n = 34; Control: n = 33) over 20 years old in G provinces, Korea. For the experimental interventions, participants in the intervention group 1 were applied by simulation practicum using flipped learning, and those in intervention group 2 were applied by simulation practicum. Participants in the control group were applied by lecture-based practicum using a model. The measures were the study participants' general characteristics survey, the nursing competency scale, the core basic nursing skill (subcutaneous injection) performance scale, the self-efficacy scale, and the learning satisfaction scale. There were statistically significant differences in nursing competency, core basic nursing skill (subcutaneous injection) performance, self-efficacy, and the learning satisfaction among the three groups. It was seen in this study that simulation practicum using flipped learning was the most effective teaching and learning method for the nursing practicum of Korean nursing students. The simulation practicum using flipped learning can be useful in providing nursing practicum to nursing students.

A structural model for quality of life of alcoholics.

AIMS: To investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of alcoholics and to identify the relationships between these factors to establish and verify a hypothetical model for the quality of life of alcoholics. DESIGN: Covariance structure analysis using structural equation model. METHODS: Participants were 223 adults who were hospitalized at alcohol addiction treatment centre after being diagnosed with alcoholism in Gyunggi-do, South Korea. Data included the general characteristics of study participants, depression, abstinence self-efficacy, stress level, stress coping strategy, social support and quality of life. Data were collected from March - 28 May 2016 and were analysed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS: The factors affecting the quality of life of alcoholics included alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (ß = 0.37, t = 4.56), stress copying strategy (ß = 0.23, t = 2.37), stress level (ß = -0.20, t = -2.08) and social support (ß = 0.14, t = 2.52). Factor analysis and statistical significance level was used for model coefficients and t-value estimation. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that to improve the quality of life of alcoholics, their alcohol abstinence self-efficacy should be increased, measures to improve their stress coping strategy and ability should be prepared, their stress level should be lowered and the social support system perceived by them should be strengthened. Health professionals need to pay attention to the affecting factors to improve the quality of life of alcoholics. IMPACT: Alcoholism is emerging as a social problem, not just an individual problem. Alcohol abstinence self-efficacy had the greatest direct effect on the quality of life of alcoholics, followed by stress coping strategy, stress level and social support, which had significant direct effects. Depression had significant indirect effect on the quality of life of alcoholics. Health professionals need to pay attention to the affecting factors to improve the quality of life of alcoholics in clinical practice or community fields.

Effects of a Simulation-Based CPR Training Program on Knowledge, Performance, and Stress in Clinical Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Rapid and accurate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by clinical nurses plays an important role in increasing the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients in the hospital. PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of a simulation-based CPR training program on knowledge, performance, and stress of CPR in clinical nurses. METHOD: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used. Study participants included 60 clinical nurses (experimental group, n = 30, and control group, n = 30) in a general hospital in Seoul, South Korea. A 4-hour simulation-based CPR training program was conducted. Measures included the knowledge scale and performance scale from the Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the Post Code Stress Scale in Korean. RESULTS: The simulation-based CPR training program significantly improved CPR knowledge (t = 4.664, p < .001) and performance (t = 4.940, p < .001), and decreased stress (t = -5.832, p < .001) in clinical nurses. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate a simulation-based CPR training program was effective in improving knowledge and performing CPR, as well as in decreasing stress of CPR in clinical nurses. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2020;51(5):225-232.].

Relation Modeling of Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction and Adaptation of Korean Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities.

This study aimed to model and examine the relationship between the factors influencing the adaptation ability and life satisfaction of the elderly people living in long-term care facilities. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and relation prediction modeling. Participants were 229 older adults over 65 years old, who had lived for more than six months in the long-term care facilities of the Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang provinces, South Korea. The model construction was based on the Ecological model developed by Lawton (1982). The data were included demographics, physical health status, emotional health status, self-efficacy, and social support. The analysis of collected data was done by using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. The model fit index for the modified model was χ2 = 15.561, χ2/df = 2.223, GFI = 0.980, AGFI = 0.920, NFI = 0.967, CFI = 0.970, and RMRS = 0.018, RMSEA = 0.021. Life satisfaction was influenced by the factors of adaptation, depression, anxiety, friend support, self-efficacy, and staff support. In addition, adaptation was affected by the factors of staff support, depression, anxiety, and friend support. This study suggests that life satisfaction and adaptation for Korean elderly in long-term facilities were primarily influenced by of the factors of anxiety, depression, friend support, and staff support. In the nursing practice, nurses need to pay attention to these factors to improve the life satisfaction and adaptation ability of Korean elderly in long-term facilities.

Effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index and physical index of intellectual disability.

AIM: Continuous program development and application are necessary in order to manage the health and address the problems of secondary metabolic disorders for people with intellectual disabilities. This study examines the effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index (BMI) and physical index among people with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study using a pretest-post-test control group, non-synchronized design was employed. Samples were in total 104 people with intellectual disabilities (experimental: n = 67, control: n = 37) in two facilities in South Korea. They were randomly allocated using a coin toss into the two groups. Tai Chi therapy as an experimental intervention was the Sun style Tai Chi exercise, which consists of the warm-up (5 min), main exercise (45 min), and finishing (meditation, 10 min). Tai Chi therapy was conducted twice a week for a total of 40 sessions for 5 months (1 hour each) by one professional instructor. Measures were general characteristics of study participants, BMI as degree of obesity, and physical index. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program (descriptive statistics, χ2 test, independent t test). A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences on fasting blood glucose (t = 4.351, P < .001) and high-density lipoprotein (t = -2.052, P = .043) in the physical index between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tai Chi therapy was an effective intervention for decreasing fasting blood glucose and for increasing high-density lipoprotein in those with intellectual disabilities. Tai Chi therapy can be implied as a nursing intervention for intellectual disabilities in nursing practice.

Effects of health promoting education program for Korean middle-aged women.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of health promoting education program on self-efficacy, health promoting behavior, and quality of life of Korean middle-aged women. [Participants and Methods] Participants were total 60 women (experimental: n=30, control: n=30) in the age group of 40-59, who visit community center located at G gu in Seoul. Health promoting education program was performed for 6 weeks, once a week, one hour with 20 minute group discussion. A study questionnaire was designed to measure the general characteristics, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior, and quality of life. [Results] Self-efficacy, health promoting behavior, and quality of life of middle-aged women were significantly improved in experimental group compared to the control group. [Conclusion] Health promoting education program can be utilized as an effective public health intervention in community. It would be appropriate as an addition to the public health policy for middle-aged women in community.

Factors Influencing Self-Care Competence in Korean Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of many chronic diseases is increasing rapidly in South Korea. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease for which treatment by both doctors and long-term self-care by patients is deemed very important for successful disease management. PURPOSE: This study is designed to examine and identify the factors influencing self-care competence in Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. Participants included 132 women aged 20 years or older who were visiting rheumatoid arthritis outpatient clinics at hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Measures included a demographics form, Self-as-Carer Inventory, Korean Activities of Daily Living scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community Form, and Self-esteem Scale. RESULTS: The analyses illustrated the significance of the prediction model (F = 21.744, p < .001). The value of the adjusted R was set at .401, corresponding to 40.1% explanatory power. Uncertainty (ß = -.43) and self-esteem (ß = .26) were identified as having the most influence on self-care competence in Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This cross-sectional study yielded preliminary evidence that nursing interventions that reduce uncertainty and improve self-esteem in Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis are necessary to promote the self-care competence of this vulnerable population. Healthcare professionals should recognize uncertainty and self-esteem as factors that influence self-care competence in Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Effects of Facility Adaptation Promotion Program for Korean Older Adults in Nursing Home.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of facility adaptation promotion program on self-esteem, depression, relationship, life satisfaction, and adaptation to facility of Korean older adults in nursing home. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. Study participants were a total of 73 older adults aged 65 yr and older (Experimental: n=36, Control: n=37) who were living at nursing home in Seoul, South Korea in 2016. They were recruited through convenient sampling. Measures were Self-esteem scale, Korean Geriatric Depression Scale, Relationship Change Scale, life satisfaction scale, and facility adaptation scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 with descriptive statistics, the Chi-squared test, and independent t-test. RESULTS: Facility adaptation promotion program increased self-esteem (t=19.067, P<0.001), relationship (t=24.533, P<0.001), life satisfaction (t=16.501, P<0.001), and adaptation to facility (t=24.328, P<0.001), and decreased depression (t=14.491, P<0.001) of Korean older adults in nursing home. CONCLUSION: Facility adaptation promotion program can be implied for improving self-esteem, relationship, life satisfaction, and adaptation to facility, and for decreasing depression of Korean older adults in nursing home.

Comparisons of Health Promoting Behavior, Depression, and Life Satisfaction Between Older Adults in Rural Areas in South Korea Living in Group Homes and at Home.

BACKGROUND: In South Korea, population aging is advancing at a more rapid rate in rural areas than urban areas, leading to a particularly high percentage of rural-dwelling older adults. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine and compare health promoting behaviors, depression, and life satisfaction between rural-dwelling older adults who live, respectively, in group homes and at home. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed. Study participants included 160 older adults aged 65 years and older who were living in group homes (n = 80) and at home (n = 80) in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-II was used to examine health promoting behaviors, the Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale was used to examine depression, and the Life Satisfaction Index was used to examine life satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0. RESULTS: The data showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of health promoting behaviors (t = -9.035, p < .001), depression (t = 20.861, p < .001), and life satisfaction (t = -12.153, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The mean scores for health promotion behaviors and life satisfaction were higher, and the mean score for depression was lower in the group-home group than the at-home group. The findings from this study may be employed as basic data for establishing residence-appropriate nursing intervention protocols for older adults living in rural areas.

Differences of Self-Control, Daily Life Stress, and Communication Skills between Smartphone Addiction Risk Group and General Group in Korean Nursing Students.

Concerns about smartphone addiction have been raised as the use time of and dependence on the smartphone is increasing. This study were to examine the differences of self-control, daily life stress, and communication skills between smartphone addiction risk group and general group in nursing students, South Korea. A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. Samples were total 139 nursing students (addictive risk: n = 40, general: n = 99) at G and B cities in South Korea. Measures were general characteristics form, self-control scale in Korean version, daily life stress scale for college students, and Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (GICC). There were significant differences on self-control (t = 3.02, p = 0.003) and daily life stress (t = 3.56, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference on communication skills (t = 1.72, p = 0.088) between two groups. Nursing students in smart phone addiction risk group had worse self-control and higher daily life stress than nursing students in general group. The preventive education programs for healthy smartphone use of Korean nursing students are needed.

Effects of Obesity Management Program Provided by Occupational Health Nurse in Worksite.

This study was conducted on 60 male adult technicians in the worksite to examine the impact of the obesity management program on their eating habits, exercise self-efficacy, quality of life, and body components. This was a nonrandomized pretest and posttest intervention study. The obesity management program was applied for 16 weeks on diet education, exercise, and counseling provided by the occupational health nurse in the worksite. The questionnaire for measure included the general characteristics, eating habits, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life. Body components were measured by using the InBody 720 device. The participants who received the obesity management program showed better eating habits, a higher level of exercise self-efficacy, a higher level of quality of life, lower levels of body weight and body mass index (BMI), a smaller waist and hip circumference, and a higher level of muscle mass as compared with the preapplication.

Influence of Leisure Activity Participation Between Genders Among Korean Older Adults.

The current study examined and compared the effect of male and female older adults' participation level in leisure activities on their perceived health status, psychological well-being, levels of depression, levels of loneliness, and successful aging. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Study participants comprised 197 older adults (women: n = 108, men: n = 89) ages 65 and older who were living in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Measures were the perceived health status scale, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea, psychological well-being scale, loneliness scale, and successful aging scale. Based on level of participation in leisure activities, male older adults experienced a significant difference in perceived health status and loneliness. Female older adults experienced a significant difference in psychological well-being and successful aging. Health professionals should encourage higher participation in leisure activities to improve psychological well-being and successful aging of older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(11), 51-58.].

Predictors of Yangsaeng (Health Management) Among Korean Middle-Aged Adults.

This study aimed to examine and identify the predictors of Yangsaeng (health management) among Korean middle-aged adults. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. Study participants consisted of 150 middle-aged adults in S and G cities, South Korea. Measures included the Yangsaeng scale, the perceived health state scale, the self-efficacy scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the family support scale. The analyses showed that the prediction model for Yangsaeng (health management) among Korean middle-aged adults was significant. The value of the adjusted R was 0.635, which corresponded to the explanatory power of 63.5%. The predictor with the most influence on Yangsaeng (health management) among Korean middle-aged adults was family support, followed by perceived health state, leisure activity, self-efficacy, and religion, respectively. This study provided preliminary evidence that family support is a major and primary predictor of Yangsaeng (health management) among Korean middle-aged adults. Concrete interventions and strategies to improve the Yangsaeng (health management) of Korean middle-aged adults were necessary.

Life experiences of elderly people with suicide ideation at the long-term care hospitals in South Korea.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the life experiences of elderly people who are living in long-term care hospitals and are afflicted with suicide ideation. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative methodology based on Colaizzi's method was used for the study. Participants included 9 elderly people who are 65 years old or older with suicidal ideas and were admitted in any of the 3 long-term care hospitals in D City, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Data were collected from July to December 2014. RESULTS: Seven categories, 15 theme categories, 30 themes, and 88 significant items were identified as parts of their life experiences. The 7 categories were identified as "being a slave to one's disease", "sadness as a result of being far away from one's family", "vain care and consolation for me", "continued life in a hospital, which feels like living abroad", "plunging life", "moving toward the end of life", and "sad relief from death". CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide a deep understanding of the lives of elderly people who were staying in long-term care hospitals, and these will help improve their quality of life. Additionally, they can be used as references in implementing high-quality nursing practices for such elderly people.

Effects of Aroma Gargling, Cold Water Gargling, and Wet Gauze Application on Thirst, Halitosis, and Sore Throat of Patients After Spine Surgery.

This study compared and examined the effects of aroma gargling, cold water gargling, and wet gauze application on thirst, halitosis, and sore throat in patients after spine surgery. A quasiexperimental pretest/posttest control group design was employed. Samples were total 70 patients (aroma gargling: 24 samples, cold gargling: 24 samples, and wet gauze: 22 samples) after spine surgery in K Hospital in Seoul, Korea. The aroma gargle solution as an experimental intervention was prepared by blending peppermint, tea tree, and lemon oils at a ratio of 1:2:2. A 60 cc of aroma gargle solution was used 3 times for 15 to 20 seconds. The visual analog scale was used to measure the degrees of thirst and sore throat, and a portable device was used to examine the degree of halitosis. There were significant differences in the degrees of thirst, halitosis, and sore throat according to interaction between group and duration. In the comparison among 3 groups, aroma gargling provided better oral health by decreasing thirst, halitosis, and sore throat for patients with spine surgery. Aroma gargling can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for decreasing thirst, halitosis, and sore throat for patients with spine surgery in clinical practice. Results suggest, therefore, that health professionals should consider an array of methods including aroma gargling for patients after spine surgery.