ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To characterize Chediak-Higashi syndrome (C-HS) in Japanese Black cattle. ANIMALS: 56 of 200 cattle with a bleeding disorder and giant granules in leukocytes. PROCEDURE: Clinical observation, CBC, hemostatic screening test, platelet aggregometry, electron microscopy, platelet constituent analysis, and ophthalmoscopic examination were done. RESULTS: Affected Japanese Black cattle had increased bleeding tendency and abnormal granules in their leukocytes. Susceptibility to infection was not increased. Cutaneous albinism was evident in 6 new-born calves, but not in most affected cattle. In all affected cattle, the tapetal fundus was pale and the nontapetal fundus was almost devoid of pigment. By electron microscopy, a remarkable decrease in the number of dense granules in platelets was observed. Functionally, collagen-induced platelet aggregation was markedly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: This bleeding disorder was diagnosed as C-HS. With regard to susceptibility to infection, albinism, and mortality, clinical manifestations of C-HS in Japanese Black cattle were moderate, compared with C-HS in human beings and Hereford cattle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was documented and recessive homozygotes could be easily detected, C-HS in Japanese Black cattle can be controlled.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/veterinary , Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Blood Platelets/pathology , Blood Platelets/physiology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/blood , Cattle Diseases/physiopathology , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/diagnosis , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/epidemiology , Collagen/pharmacology , Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure , Female , Fundus Oculi , Hemostasis , Homozygote , Japan/epidemiology , Leukocyte Count/veterinary , Male , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Microscopy, Electron/veterinary , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , Ophthalmoscopy/veterinary , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Platelet Count/drug effects , Platelet Count/veterinaryABSTRACT
Ulcerative enteritis in broiler chickens occurred at five poultry farms in Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan, in February and March, 1987. This is the first incidence of this disease reported for chickens in Japan. The mortality rate was estimated to be 1 to 5%. Ulcerative enteritis in the intestines, and necrosis in the liver and spleen, were observed mainly in autopsied broilers. Identification involving tests of biochemical properties and production of metabolic endproducts using gas-liquid chromatography were consistent with an identification of Clostridium colinum. Antimicrobial agent susceptibility tests on the isolates showed that all were highly sensitive to the agents, with the exception of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin-G and ampicillin ranged from .025 microgram/mL to .05 microgram/mL. No resistant strains were isolated.
